TY - JOUR
T1 - Epidemiology, Staging, Grading, and Risk Stratification of Bladder Cancer
AU - Colombel, Marc
AU - Soloway, Mark
AU - Akaza, Hideyuki
AU - Böhle, Andreas
AU - Palou, Joan
AU - Buckley, Roger
AU - Lamm, Donald
AU - Brausi, Maurizio
AU - Witjes, J. Alfred
AU - Persad, Raj
PY - 2008/10/1
Y1 - 2008/10/1
N2 - Context: Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) can assist in the prevention and early detection of the disease. Furthermore, staging, grading, and risk stratification are critical for determining the most appropriate management strategies for NMIBC based on risk of recurrence and progression. Objective: To provide community urologists with an overview of the epidemiology of NMIBC as well as current approaches to staging, grading, and risk stratification. Evidence acquisition: A committee of internationally renowned leaders in bladder cancer management, known as the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG), identified current key influencing guidelines and published English-language literature related to the epidemiology, staging, and grading of NMIBC available as of March 2008. The IBCG met on four occasions to review the main findings of the identified literature and the current clinical practice guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU), the First International Consultation on Bladder Tumors (FICBT), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and the American Urological Association (AUA). Evidence synthesis: Based on this review, the IBCG provided a summary on the epidemiology of NMIBC and recommendations for the staging, grading, and risk stratification of the disease. Conclusions: Urologists should record the smoking habits of patients and monitor for possible occupational exposure to urothelial carcinogens. The tumour-node-metastases (TNM) classification for tumour staging and both the World Health Organization (WHO) 1973 and 2004 grading systems should be applied for appropriate staging and grading of NMIBC. Urologists should also consider the use of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables for risk stratification of NMIBC based on risk of disease recurrence and progression. © 2008 European Association of Urology.
AB - Context: Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) can assist in the prevention and early detection of the disease. Furthermore, staging, grading, and risk stratification are critical for determining the most appropriate management strategies for NMIBC based on risk of recurrence and progression. Objective: To provide community urologists with an overview of the epidemiology of NMIBC as well as current approaches to staging, grading, and risk stratification. Evidence acquisition: A committee of internationally renowned leaders in bladder cancer management, known as the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG), identified current key influencing guidelines and published English-language literature related to the epidemiology, staging, and grading of NMIBC available as of March 2008. The IBCG met on four occasions to review the main findings of the identified literature and the current clinical practice guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU), the First International Consultation on Bladder Tumors (FICBT), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and the American Urological Association (AUA). Evidence synthesis: Based on this review, the IBCG provided a summary on the epidemiology of NMIBC and recommendations for the staging, grading, and risk stratification of the disease. Conclusions: Urologists should record the smoking habits of patients and monitor for possible occupational exposure to urothelial carcinogens. The tumour-node-metastases (TNM) classification for tumour staging and both the World Health Organization (WHO) 1973 and 2004 grading systems should be applied for appropriate staging and grading of NMIBC. Urologists should also consider the use of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables for risk stratification of NMIBC based on risk of disease recurrence and progression. © 2008 European Association of Urology.
KW - Bladder cancer risk factors
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Grading
KW - Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
KW - Risk stratification
KW - Staging
U2 - 10.1016/j.eursup.2008.08.002
DO - 10.1016/j.eursup.2008.08.002
M3 - Review article
SN - 1569-9056
VL - 7
SP - 618
EP - 626
JO - European Urology, Supplements
JF - European Urology, Supplements
IS - 10
ER -
