Challenges in up-scaling of microbial electrochemical technologies for practical environmental applications

Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are rapidly evolving as a form of sustainable source for power generation, synthesis of various products used as biofuel, wastewater treatment, and bioremediation of complex waste to meet challenges of current era. However, there are challenges and limitations in scaling up the applications of METs, and multiple efforts aimed at practical implementation serve as crucial milestones on the path to its commercialization. Therefore this chapter will focus on the chronological development of various METs, including their commonly employed designs and configurations that hold potential for successful scaling up. Moreover, it will highlight essential performance parameters that must be considered when scaling up METs, including voltametric treatment rate, Coulombic efficiency, net energy recovery, life cycle analysis, capital cost, current density, and technology readiness level. Lastly, we will explore the current status of METs in relation to their suitability for commercial applications, alongside the scalability challenges that must be taken into account during the scaling up.