Fisiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento de la distensión abdominal

Abstract

The volume of the contents of the abdominal cavity varies physiologically_x000D_ in different situations during the day. The abdominal cavity has walls that fit its_x000D_ contents. There are two walls with low mobility, corresponding to posterior level_x000D_ with the lower spine and pelvis level. By contrast, there are two mobile walls,_x000D_ the diaphragm and the anterolateral abdominal wall. These walls have a_x000D_ significant muscle basal component tonic contraction. Recently it was shown_x000D_ that the adaptation of the abdominal wall to its content occurs actively_x000D_ modulating the level of tonic contraction of its walls. Initially the role of the_x000D_ anterior abdominal wall into the abdominal accommodation demonstrated._x000D_ Later it was found that the diaphragm is also involved in this process._x000D_ Moreover, as the abdomen and thorax form a common cavity, changes in_x000D_ diaphragm activity are offset by an adaptation of the muscular activity of the_x000D_ chest wall, to preserve respiratory function. As a result, the chest is also_x000D_ involved in the process of abdominal accommodation._x000D_ In this thesis I review:_x000D_ - Structures involved in the process of abdominal accommodation: the anterior_x000D_ abdominal wall, diaphragm, and chest wall;_x000D_ - Methods of study, functional (electromyography) and morphological (using_x000D_ imaging techniques) that allow investigating the phenomenon of abdominal_x000D_ accommodation;_x000D_ - The process of normal abdominal accommodation and their regulatory_x000D_ mechanisms_x000D_ - Alterations in abdominal accommodation and clinical implications_x000D_ and in this context it will be considered bloating, which has already been_x000D_ demonstrated the role of the abdominal accommodation rumination syndrome,_x000D_ potentially caused by a disturbance of abdominal accommodation;_x000D_ - Behavioral techniques (biofeedback) used to modify muscle activity._x000D_ - Finally, based on existing data, we will propose a working hypothesis, which_x000D_ give rise to the specific objectives of this study

Date of Award	23 Jan 2015
Original language	Spanish
Supervisor	Fernando Azpiroz Vidaur (Director)