ESTUDIO DE LOS FACTORES NEUROPSICOLÓGICOS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA CAPACIDAD DE CONDUCCIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS A MOTOR EN PACIENTES CON DIAGNÓSTICO DE ESCLEROSIS MÚLTIPLE Y ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON

Abstract

Introduction Persons suffering from neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (ME) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) may constitute a risk group for the safety driving of vehicles. It is difficult to discriminate which neuropsychological tests from those usually used in the clinical follow-up of these patients are related to the standard driving tests applied in our country. To this purpose two studies were conducted._x000D_ Study 1: Fifty patients diagnosed with MS and 50 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and educational level were included. Patients with MS were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of cognitive impairment. Neuropsychological evaluation was carried out using an extensive battery of tests standardized for the Spanish population. Driving performance tests included the standard Spanish driving test (ASDE) and the Useful Field of View (UFOV). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was used to assess motor dysfunction. Driving tests showed a low sensitivity and a high specificity for the detection of patients at risk. Patients diagnosed with MS without cognitive impairment only showed differences as compared with controls in the visual processing speed. By contrast, patients with cognitive impairment in association with MS showed differences versus healthy controls in most subtests of the driving tests. Neuropsychological tests that allowed identification of patients with MS and cognitive impairment with greater driving risk were those assessing executive functions and information processing speed (TMTA, Digits Forwards of WAIS, number of errors in the PASAT test, and WAIS letter-number sequencing). The performance of these tests together with motor dysfunction showed a predictive value for unsafe driving between 47 and 48%. Study 2: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with PD and 37 healthy controls matched by age and educational level were included. Subjects with cognitive impairment as shown by a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤ 24 were excluded. Neuropsychological evaluation was carried out using an extensive battery of tests standardized for the Spanish population. Driving performance tests included the ASDE and the UFOV. Daytime sleepiness was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Driving tests showed a low sensitivity and a high specificity for the detection of patients at risk. The group of patients diagnosed with PD showed significantly worse results than healthy controls in motor coordination and visual processing speed of the driving tests. Somnolence was not related with driving tests. By contrast, performance of the visuospatial domain (Line Orientation of RBANS) and episodic visual memory (Figure Recall of RBANS) allowed in 78% of cases the identification of unsafe drivers._x000D_ Conclusions: A group of patients with MS and PD showed risk scores for unsafe driving. Cognitive impairment associated with MS is an additional risk factor, and 32% of these patients were considered at high risk for driving. By contrast, 100% of patients without cognitive impairment showed a low risk for driving. In patients diagnosed with PD without cognitive impairment, 19% of them showed difficulties that may affect their driving capacities. Patients with MS and PD should be evaluated more regularly for an early detection of cognitive deficits that may affect safety driving.

Date of Award	7 Sept 2018
Original language	Spanish
Supervisor	Susana Millan Lopez (Director) & Maria Teresa Garolera Freixa (Director)