The thesis explains the emerge of a Mapuche national movement from 1990, and the changes that this has involved, if looking at the communitarian tendencies that predominated at the centre of its origins in 1910._x000D_ The thesis proposes that communitarianism and nationalism are two different political strategies. Although they may have similar starting points and share the same path to some extend, they part from one another when it comes to their final objectives. Nationalism is always a territorial strategy that aims to self-centre and materialize the political life of the claimed nation in its own territory. Whereas nationalism integrates the contradiction between centre and periphery, communitarianism leans exclusively on de cleavage between dominated group and dominating group. Communitarianism, specially political, can aspire to obtain a collective political organism, but it always lacks its own territory as the base of real self-government._x000D_ It is proposed as an explanatory hypothesis that nationalism rises in the Mapuche movement as the result of a strategical political process in a context of restricted national conditions and an increase of the social conditions, together with the presence of the restricted state-nationalist political opportunities and an increase of the international opportunities. Therefore, Mapuche nationalism is more linked to social and political transformations, than to processes of ethnic revitalization. _x000D_ For the development of the hypotheses, the proposed model is one where the dependent variable and the shift from communitarianism to nationalism is the result of the influence of two groups of independent variables. On the one hand, some determined national and social structural conditions, and on the other hand, state-national and international political opportunities. The structural conditions and the political opportunities influence the mobilization structures (type of organization and repertoire of mobilization) and the frames of interpretation of the movement (core concepts, articulatory ideas and political objectives). The variations (though slow) of the structural conditions and the appearing of political opportunities, reconfigure the components of the structures of mobilization and of the frame of interpretation of the movement, reflecting the transition from communitarianism to nationalism._x000D_ By applying a historic institutionalist perspective to the Mapuche case, the analysis articulates three groups of theories: 1) relatives to communitarianism and nationalism; 2) those that explain the formation of cleavages, associated to the expansion of the State-nation, economic development and modernization; and 3) the theories concerning political opportunities, structures of mobilization and the frames of interpretation, relative to social movements.
De la raza a la nación, de la tierra al país. Comunitarismo y nacionalismo en el movimiento mapuche, 1910 - 2010
Víctor Naguil Gómez (Author). 20 Jul 2016
Student thesis: Doctoral thesis
Víctor Naguil Gómez (Author),
Argelaguet Argemí, J. (Director),
20 Jul 2016Student thesis: Doctoral thesis
Student thesis: Doctoral thesis