TY - JOUR
T1 - Trend in lead exposure in the Spanish child population in the last 20 years. An unrecognized example of health in all policies?
AU - Llop, Sabrina
AU - Porta, Miquel
AU - Martinez, Maria Dolores
AU - Aguinagalde, Xabier
AU - Fernández, Mariana F.
AU - Fernández-Somoano, Ana
AU - Casas, Maribel
AU - Vrijheid, Martine
AU - Ayerdi, Mikel
AU - Tardón, Adonina
AU - Ballester, Ferran
PY - 2013/3/1
Y1 - 2013/3/1
N2 - Objective: To describe the time trend in atmospheric lead concentrations in Spain, from before lead was banned as a gasoline additive to the present, and to determine the trend in lead body burden in the Spanish child population. Methods: We obtained the annual average for atmospheric lead levels in several Spanish cities from the 1980s to the present. A literature search was conducted to identify published studies on lead concentrations in populations of Spanish children. Results: Overall, atmospheric lead levels decreased, particularly between 1991 and 1999. This downward trend was related to a decrease in lead concentrations in Spanish children from 1989, the year in which the first study of childhood lead exposure was published, until the present. The decreased concentrations in both air and in children was most probably a result of legislative measures regulating the maximum amount of lead in gasoline in 1987 until a complete ban in August 2001. Conclusions: From a public health point of view, the banning of leaded gasoline has significantly increased health protection in the Spanish population. © 2011 SESPAS.
AB - Objective: To describe the time trend in atmospheric lead concentrations in Spain, from before lead was banned as a gasoline additive to the present, and to determine the trend in lead body burden in the Spanish child population. Methods: We obtained the annual average for atmospheric lead levels in several Spanish cities from the 1980s to the present. A literature search was conducted to identify published studies on lead concentrations in populations of Spanish children. Results: Overall, atmospheric lead levels decreased, particularly between 1991 and 1999. This downward trend was related to a decrease in lead concentrations in Spanish children from 1989, the year in which the first study of childhood lead exposure was published, until the present. The decreased concentrations in both air and in children was most probably a result of legislative measures regulating the maximum amount of lead in gasoline in 1987 until a complete ban in August 2001. Conclusions: From a public health point of view, the banning of leaded gasoline has significantly increased health protection in the Spanish population. © 2011 SESPAS.
KW - Child health
KW - Childhood
KW - Environment and public health
KW - Environmental exposure
KW - Lead
KW - Lead poisoning
KW - Nervous system
KW - Spain
U2 - 10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.01.019
DO - 10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.01.019
M3 - Article
SN - 0213-9111
VL - 27
SP - 149
EP - 155
JO - Gaceta Sanitaria
JF - Gaceta Sanitaria
IS - 2
ER -