Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women

Deven Patel; Mario Cortina-Borja; Claire Thorne; Marie Louise Newell; C. Giaquinto; O. Rampon; R. D'Elia; A. De Rossi; I. Grosch-Wörner; J. Mok; I. De José; null Laarú; I. Bates; A. Salas; J. Ma Peña; J. Gonzalez Garcia; J. R. Arribas Lopez; M. C. Garcia-Rodriguez; F. Asensi-Botet; M. C. Otero; D. Pérez-Tamarit; H. J. Scherpbier; M. Kreyenbroek; M. H. Godfried; F. J.B. Nellen; K. Boer; A. B. Bohlin; S. Lindgren; B. Anzén; K. Lidman; K. Elfgren; K. Gyllensten; P. O. Pehrson; J. Levy; P. Barlow; Y. Manigart; M. Hainaut; A. Peltier; T. Goetghebuer; A. Ferrazin; A. De Maria; G. Bentivoglio; S. Ferrero; C. Gotta; A. Mûr; A. Payà; M. A. López-Vilchez; R. Carreras; N. H. Valerius; V. Rosenfeldt; J. Jimenez; O. Coll; A. Suy; J. M. Perez; C. Fortuny; J. Boguña; M. Casellas Caro; Y. Canet; G. Pardi; M. Ravizza; B. Guerra; M. Lanari; S. Bianchi; L. Bovicelli; E. Prati; M. Duse; G. Scaravelli; M. Stegagno; M. De Santis; V. Savasi; S. Fiore; M. Crivelli; E. Ferrazzi; A. Viganò; V. Giacomet; D. Frasca; G. Zuccotti; F. Ravagni Probizer; A. Maccabruni; A. Bucceri; L. Rancilio; S. Alberico; M. Rabusin; M. Bernardon; G. P. Taylor; E. G.H. Lyall; Z. Penn; W. Buffolano; R. Tiseo; P. Martinelli; M. Sansone; G. Maruotti; A. Agangi; C. Tibaldi; S. Marini; G. Masuelli; C. Benedetto; T. Niemieç; M. Marczynska; S. Dobosz

doi:10.1086/518284

Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women

Deven Patel, Mario Cortina-Borja, Claire Thorne, Marie Louise Newell, C. Giaquinto, O. Rampon, R. D'Elia, A. De Rossi, I. Grosch-Wörner, J. Mok, I. De José, Laarú, I. Bates, A. Salas, J. Ma Peña, J. Gonzalez Garcia, J. R. Arribas Lopez, M. C. Garcia-Rodriguez, F. Asensi-Botet, M. C. OteroD. Pérez-Tamarit, H. J. Scherpbier, M. Kreyenbroek, M. H. Godfried, F. J.B. Nellen, K. Boer, A. B. Bohlin, S. Lindgren, B. Anzén, K. Lidman, K. Elfgren, K. Gyllensten, P. O. Pehrson, J. Levy, P. Barlow, Y. Manigart, M. Hainaut, A. Peltier, T. Goetghebuer, A. Ferrazin, A. De Maria, G. Bentivoglio, S. Ferrero, C. Gotta, A. Mûr, A. Payà, M. A. López-Vilchez, R. Carreras, N. H. Valerius, V. Rosenfeldt, J. Jimenez, O. Coll, A. Suy, J. M. Perez, C. Fortuny, J. Boguña, M. Casellas Caro, Y. Canet, G. Pardi, M. Ravizza, B. Guerra, M. Lanari, S. Bianchi, L. Bovicelli, E. Prati, M. Duse, G. Scaravelli, M. Stegagno, M. De Santis, V. Savasi, S. Fiore, M. Crivelli, E. Ferrazzi, A. Viganò, V. Giacomet, D. Frasca, G. Zuccotti, F. Ravagni Probizer, A. Maccabruni, A. Bucceri, L. Rancilio, S. Alberico, M. Rabusin, M. Bernardon, G. P. Taylor, E. G.H. Lyall, Z. Penn, W. Buffolano, R. Tiseo, P. Martinelli, M. Sansone, G. Maruotti, A. Agangi, C. Tibaldi, S. Marini, G. Masuelli, C. Benedetto, T. Niemieç, M. Marczynska, S. Dobosz

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

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Abstract

Background. There have been no clinical trials in resource-rich regions that have addressed the question of which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens are more effective for optimal viral response in antiretroviral-naive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women. Methods. Data on 240 HIV-1-infected women starting HAART during pregnancy who were enrolled in the prospective European Collaborative Study from 1997 through 2004 were analyzed. An interval-censored survival model was used to assess whether factors, including type of HAART regimen, race, region of birth, and baseline immunological and virological status, were associated with the duration of time necessary to suppress viral load below undetectable levels before delivery of a newborn. Results. Protease inhibitor-based HAART was initiated in 156 women (65%), 125 (80%) of whom received nelfinavir, and a nevirapine-based regimen was initiated in the remaining 84 women (35%). Undetectable viral loads were achieved by 73% of the women by the time of delivery. Relative hazards of time to achieving viral suppression were 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) for nevirapine-based HAART versus PI-based regimens and 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.12) for western African versus non-African women. The median duration of time from HAART initiation to achievement of an undetectable viral load was estimated to be 1.4 times greater in women receiving PI-based HAART, compared with women receiving nevirapine-based HAART. Baseline HIV RNA load was also a significant predictor of the rapidity of achieving viral suppression by delivery, but baseline immune status was not. Conclusions. In this study, nevirapine-based HAART (compared with PI [mainly nelfinavir]-based HAART), western African origin, and lower baseline viral load were associated with shorter time to achieving viral suppression. © 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1647-1656
Journal	Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume	44
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1086/518284
Publication status	Published - 15 Jun 2007

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Patel, D., Cortina-Borja, M., Thorne, C., Newell, M. L., Giaquinto, C., Rampon, O., D'Elia, R., De Rossi, A., Grosch-Wörner, I., Mok, J., De José, I., Laarú, Bates, I., Salas, A., Ma Peña, J., Gonzalez Garcia, J., Arribas Lopez, J. R., Garcia-Rodriguez, M. C., Asensi-Botet, F., ... Dobosz, S. (2007). Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 44(12), 1647-1656. https://doi.org/10.1086/518284

Patel, Deven ; Cortina-Borja, Mario ; Thorne, Claire ; Newell, Marie Louise ; Giaquinto, C. ; Rampon, O. ; D'Elia, R. ; De Rossi, A. ; Grosch-Wörner, I. ; Mok, J. ; De José, I. ; Laarú ; Bates, I. ; Salas, A. ; Ma Peña, J. ; Gonzalez Garcia, J. ; Arribas Lopez, J. R. ; Garcia-Rodriguez, M. C. ; Asensi-Botet, F. ; Otero, M. C. ; Pérez-Tamarit, D. ; Scherpbier, H. J. ; Kreyenbroek, M. ; Godfried, M. H. ; Nellen, F. J.B. ; Boer, K. ; Bohlin, A. B. ; Lindgren, S. ; Anzén, B. ; Lidman, K. ; Elfgren, K. ; Gyllensten, K. ; Pehrson, P. O. ; Levy, J. ; Barlow, P. ; Manigart, Y. ; Hainaut, M. ; Peltier, A. ; Goetghebuer, T. ; Ferrazin, A. ; De Maria, A. ; Bentivoglio, G. ; Ferrero, S. ; Gotta, C. ; Mûr, A. ; Payà, A. ; López-Vilchez, M. A. ; Carreras, R. ; Valerius, N. H. ; Rosenfeldt, V. ; Jimenez, J. ; Coll, O. ; Suy, A. ; Perez, J. M. ; Fortuny, C. ; Boguña, J. ; Casellas Caro, M. ; Canet, Y. ; Pardi, G. ; Ravizza, M. ; Guerra, B. ; Lanari, M. ; Bianchi, S. ; Bovicelli, L. ; Prati, E. ; Duse, M. ; Scaravelli, G. ; Stegagno, M. ; De Santis, M. ; Savasi, V. ; Fiore, S. ; Crivelli, M. ; Ferrazzi, E. ; Viganò, A. ; Giacomet, V. ; Frasca, D. ; Zuccotti, G. ; Ravagni Probizer, F. ; Maccabruni, A. ; Bucceri, A. ; Rancilio, L. ; Alberico, S. ; Rabusin, M. ; Bernardon, M. ; Taylor, G. P. ; Lyall, E. G.H. ; Penn, Z. ; Buffolano, W. ; Tiseo, R. ; Martinelli, P. ; Sansone, M. ; Maruotti, G. ; Agangi, A. ; Tibaldi, C. ; Marini, S. ; Masuelli, G. ; Benedetto, C. ; Niemieç, T. ; Marczynska, M. ; Dobosz, S. / Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women. In: Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2007 ; Vol. 44, No. 12. pp. 1647-1656.

@article{b279543a3c9045ee8d767aa8f3605649,

title = "Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women",

abstract = "Background. There have been no clinical trials in resource-rich regions that have addressed the question of which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens are more effective for optimal viral response in antiretroviral-naive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women. Methods. Data on 240 HIV-1-infected women starting HAART during pregnancy who were enrolled in the prospective European Collaborative Study from 1997 through 2004 were analyzed. An interval-censored survival model was used to assess whether factors, including type of HAART regimen, race, region of birth, and baseline immunological and virological status, were associated with the duration of time necessary to suppress viral load below undetectable levels before delivery of a newborn. Results. Protease inhibitor-based HAART was initiated in 156 women (65%), 125 (80%) of whom received nelfinavir, and a nevirapine-based regimen was initiated in the remaining 84 women (35%). Undetectable viral loads were achieved by 73% of the women by the time of delivery. Relative hazards of time to achieving viral suppression were 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) for nevirapine-based HAART versus PI-based regimens and 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.12) for western African versus non-African women. The median duration of time from HAART initiation to achievement of an undetectable viral load was estimated to be 1.4 times greater in women receiving PI-based HAART, compared with women receiving nevirapine-based HAART. Baseline HIV RNA load was also a significant predictor of the rapidity of achieving viral suppression by delivery, but baseline immune status was not. Conclusions. In this study, nevirapine-based HAART (compared with PI [mainly nelfinavir]-based HAART), western African origin, and lower baseline viral load were associated with shorter time to achieving viral suppression. {\textcopyright} 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.",

author = "Deven Patel and Mario Cortina-Borja and Claire Thorne and Newell, {Marie Louise} and C. Giaquinto and O. Rampon and R. D'Elia and {De Rossi}, A. and I. Grosch-W{\"o}rner and J. Mok and {De Jos{\'e}}, I. and Laar{\'u} and I. Bates and A. Salas and {Ma Pe{\~n}a}, J. and {Gonzalez Garcia}, J. and {Arribas Lopez}, {J. R.} and Garcia-Rodriguez, {M. C.} and F. Asensi-Botet and Otero, {M. C.} and D. P{\'e}rez-Tamarit and Scherpbier, {H. J.} and M. Kreyenbroek and Godfried, {M. H.} and Nellen, {F. J.B.} and K. Boer and Bohlin, {A. B.} and S. Lindgren and B. Anz{\'e}n and K. Lidman and K. Elfgren and K. Gyllensten and Pehrson, {P. O.} and J. Levy and P. Barlow and Y. Manigart and M. Hainaut and A. Peltier and T. Goetghebuer and A. Ferrazin and {De Maria}, A. and G. Bentivoglio and S. Ferrero and C. Gotta and A. M{\^u}r and A. Pay{\`a} and L{\'o}pez-Vilchez, {M. A.} and R. Carreras and Valerius, {N. H.} and V. Rosenfeldt and J. Jimenez and O. Coll and A. Suy and Perez, {J. M.} and C. Fortuny and J. Bogu{\~n}a and {Casellas Caro}, M. and Y. Canet and G. Pardi and M. Ravizza and B. Guerra and M. Lanari and S. Bianchi and L. Bovicelli and E. Prati and M. Duse and G. Scaravelli and M. Stegagno and {De Santis}, M. and V. Savasi and S. Fiore and M. Crivelli and E. Ferrazzi and A. Vigan{\`o} and V. Giacomet and D. Frasca and G. Zuccotti and {Ravagni Probizer}, F. and A. Maccabruni and A. Bucceri and L. Rancilio and S. Alberico and M. Rabusin and M. Bernardon and Taylor, {G. P.} and Lyall, {E. G.H.} and Z. Penn and W. Buffolano and R. Tiseo and P. Martinelli and M. Sansone and G. Maruotti and A. Agangi and C. Tibaldi and S. Marini and G. Masuelli and C. Benedetto and T. Niemie{\c c} and M. Marczynska and S. Dobosz",

year = "2007",

month = jun,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1086/518284",

language = "English",

volume = "44",

pages = "1647--1656",

journal = "Clinical Infectious Diseases",

issn = "1058-4838",

number = "12",

}

Patel, D, Cortina-Borja, M, Thorne, C, Newell, ML, Giaquinto, C, Rampon, O, D'Elia, R, De Rossi, A, Grosch-Wörner, I, Mok, J, De José, I, Laarú, Bates, I, Salas, A, Ma Peña, J, Gonzalez Garcia, J, Arribas Lopez, JR, Garcia-Rodriguez, MC, Asensi-Botet, F, Otero, MC, Pérez-Tamarit, D, Scherpbier, HJ, Kreyenbroek, M, Godfried, MH, Nellen, FJB, Boer, K, Bohlin, AB, Lindgren, S, Anzén, B, Lidman, K, Elfgren, K, Gyllensten, K, Pehrson, PO, Levy, J, Barlow, P, Manigart, Y, Hainaut, M, Peltier, A, Goetghebuer, T, Ferrazin, A, De Maria, A, Bentivoglio, G, Ferrero, S, Gotta, C, Mûr, A , Payà, A , López-Vilchez, MA , Carreras, R, Valerius, NH, Rosenfeldt, V, Jimenez, J, Coll, O, Suy, A, Perez, JM, Fortuny, C, Boguña, J, Casellas Caro, M, Canet, Y, Pardi, G, Ravizza, M, Guerra, B, Lanari, M, Bianchi, S, Bovicelli, L, Prati, E, Duse, M, Scaravelli, G, Stegagno, M, De Santis, M, Savasi, V, Fiore, S, Crivelli, M, Ferrazzi, E, Viganò, A, Giacomet, V, Frasca, D, Zuccotti, G, Ravagni Probizer, F, Maccabruni, A, Bucceri, A, Rancilio, L, Alberico, S, Rabusin, M, Bernardon, M, Taylor, GP, Lyall, EGH, Penn, Z, Buffolano, W, Tiseo, R, Martinelli, P, Sansone, M, Maruotti, G, Agangi, A, Tibaldi, C, Marini, S, Masuelli, G, Benedetto, C, Niemieç, T, Marczynska, M & Dobosz, S 2007, 'Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women', Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1647-1656. https://doi.org/10.1086/518284

Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women. / Patel, Deven; Cortina-Borja, Mario; Thorne, Claire; Newell, Marie Louise; Giaquinto, C.; Rampon, O.; D'Elia, R.; De Rossi, A.; Grosch-Wörner, I.; Mok, J.; De José, I.; Laarú; Bates, I.; Salas, A.; Ma Peña, J.; Gonzalez Garcia, J.; Arribas Lopez, J. R.; Garcia-Rodriguez, M. C.; Asensi-Botet, F.; Otero, M. C.; Pérez-Tamarit, D.; Scherpbier, H. J.; Kreyenbroek, M.; Godfried, M. H.; Nellen, F. J.B.; Boer, K.; Bohlin, A. B.; Lindgren, S.; Anzén, B.; Lidman, K.; Elfgren, K.; Gyllensten, K.; Pehrson, P. O.; Levy, J.; Barlow, P.; Manigart, Y.; Hainaut, M.; Peltier, A.; Goetghebuer, T.; Ferrazin, A.; De Maria, A.; Bentivoglio, G.; Ferrero, S.; Gotta, C.; Mûr, A.; Payà, A.; López-Vilchez, M. A.; Carreras, R.; Valerius, N. H.; Rosenfeldt, V.; Jimenez, J.; Coll, O.; Suy, A.; Perez, J. M.; Fortuny, C.; Boguña, J.; Casellas Caro, M.; Canet, Y.; Pardi, G.; Ravizza, M.; Guerra, B.; Lanari, M.; Bianchi, S.; Bovicelli, L.; Prati, E.; Duse, M.; Scaravelli, G.; Stegagno, M.; De Santis, M.; Savasi, V.; Fiore, S.; Crivelli, M.; Ferrazzi, E.; Viganò, A.; Giacomet, V.; Frasca, D.; Zuccotti, G.; Ravagni Probizer, F.; Maccabruni, A.; Bucceri, A.; Rancilio, L.; Alberico, S.; Rabusin, M.; Bernardon, M.; Taylor, G. P.; Lyall, E. G.H.; Penn, Z.; Buffolano, W.; Tiseo, R.; Martinelli, P.; Sansone, M.; Maruotti, G.; Agangi, A.; Tibaldi, C.; Marini, S.; Masuelli, G.; Benedetto, C.; Niemieç, T.; Marczynska, M.; Dobosz, S.

In: Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 44, No. 12, 15.06.2007, p. 1647-1656.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Time to undetectable viral load after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation among HIV-infected pregnant women

AU - Patel, Deven

AU - Cortina-Borja, Mario

AU - Thorne, Claire

AU - Newell, Marie Louise

AU - Giaquinto, C.

AU - Rampon, O.

AU - D'Elia, R.

AU - De Rossi, A.

AU - Grosch-Wörner, I.

AU - Mok, J.

AU - De José, I.

AU - Laarú, null

AU - Bates, I.

AU - Salas, A.

AU - Ma Peña, J.

AU - Gonzalez Garcia, J.

AU - Arribas Lopez, J. R.

AU - Garcia-Rodriguez, M. C.

AU - Asensi-Botet, F.

AU - Otero, M. C.

AU - Pérez-Tamarit, D.

AU - Scherpbier, H. J.

AU - Kreyenbroek, M.

AU - Godfried, M. H.

AU - Nellen, F. J.B.

AU - Boer, K.

AU - Bohlin, A. B.

AU - Lindgren, S.

AU - Anzén, B.

AU - Lidman, K.

AU - Elfgren, K.

AU - Gyllensten, K.

AU - Pehrson, P. O.

AU - Levy, J.

AU - Barlow, P.

AU - Manigart, Y.

AU - Hainaut, M.

AU - Peltier, A.

AU - Goetghebuer, T.

AU - Ferrazin, A.

AU - De Maria, A.

AU - Bentivoglio, G.

AU - Ferrero, S.

AU - Gotta, C.

AU - Mûr, A.

AU - Payà, A.

AU - López-Vilchez, M. A.

AU - Carreras, R.

AU - Valerius, N. H.

AU - Rosenfeldt, V.

AU - Jimenez, J.

AU - Coll, O.

AU - Suy, A.

AU - Perez, J. M.

AU - Fortuny, C.

AU - Boguña, J.

AU - Casellas Caro, M.

AU - Canet, Y.

AU - Pardi, G.

AU - Ravizza, M.

AU - Guerra, B.

AU - Lanari, M.

AU - Bianchi, S.

AU - Bovicelli, L.

AU - Prati, E.

AU - Duse, M.

AU - Scaravelli, G.

AU - Stegagno, M.

AU - De Santis, M.

AU - Savasi, V.

AU - Fiore, S.

AU - Crivelli, M.

AU - Ferrazzi, E.

AU - Viganò, A.

AU - Giacomet, V.

AU - Frasca, D.

AU - Zuccotti, G.

AU - Ravagni Probizer, F.

AU - Maccabruni, A.

AU - Bucceri, A.

AU - Rancilio, L.

AU - Alberico, S.

AU - Rabusin, M.

AU - Bernardon, M.

AU - Taylor, G. P.

AU - Lyall, E. G.H.

AU - Penn, Z.

AU - Buffolano, W.

AU - Tiseo, R.

AU - Martinelli, P.

AU - Sansone, M.

AU - Maruotti, G.

AU - Agangi, A.

AU - Tibaldi, C.

AU - Marini, S.

AU - Masuelli, G.

AU - Benedetto, C.

AU - Niemieç, T.

AU - Marczynska, M.

AU - Dobosz, S.

PY - 2007/6/15

Y1 - 2007/6/15

N2 - Background. There have been no clinical trials in resource-rich regions that have addressed the question of which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens are more effective for optimal viral response in antiretroviral-naive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women. Methods. Data on 240 HIV-1-infected women starting HAART during pregnancy who were enrolled in the prospective European Collaborative Study from 1997 through 2004 were analyzed. An interval-censored survival model was used to assess whether factors, including type of HAART regimen, race, region of birth, and baseline immunological and virological status, were associated with the duration of time necessary to suppress viral load below undetectable levels before delivery of a newborn. Results. Protease inhibitor-based HAART was initiated in 156 women (65%), 125 (80%) of whom received nelfinavir, and a nevirapine-based regimen was initiated in the remaining 84 women (35%). Undetectable viral loads were achieved by 73% of the women by the time of delivery. Relative hazards of time to achieving viral suppression were 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) for nevirapine-based HAART versus PI-based regimens and 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.12) for western African versus non-African women. The median duration of time from HAART initiation to achievement of an undetectable viral load was estimated to be 1.4 times greater in women receiving PI-based HAART, compared with women receiving nevirapine-based HAART. Baseline HIV RNA load was also a significant predictor of the rapidity of achieving viral suppression by delivery, but baseline immune status was not. Conclusions. In this study, nevirapine-based HAART (compared with PI [mainly nelfinavir]-based HAART), western African origin, and lower baseline viral load were associated with shorter time to achieving viral suppression. © 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.

AB - Background. There have been no clinical trials in resource-rich regions that have addressed the question of which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens are more effective for optimal viral response in antiretroviral-naive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women. Methods. Data on 240 HIV-1-infected women starting HAART during pregnancy who were enrolled in the prospective European Collaborative Study from 1997 through 2004 were analyzed. An interval-censored survival model was used to assess whether factors, including type of HAART regimen, race, region of birth, and baseline immunological and virological status, were associated with the duration of time necessary to suppress viral load below undetectable levels before delivery of a newborn. Results. Protease inhibitor-based HAART was initiated in 156 women (65%), 125 (80%) of whom received nelfinavir, and a nevirapine-based regimen was initiated in the remaining 84 women (35%). Undetectable viral loads were achieved by 73% of the women by the time of delivery. Relative hazards of time to achieving viral suppression were 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) for nevirapine-based HAART versus PI-based regimens and 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.12) for western African versus non-African women. The median duration of time from HAART initiation to achievement of an undetectable viral load was estimated to be 1.4 times greater in women receiving PI-based HAART, compared with women receiving nevirapine-based HAART. Baseline HIV RNA load was also a significant predictor of the rapidity of achieving viral suppression by delivery, but baseline immune status was not. Conclusions. In this study, nevirapine-based HAART (compared with PI [mainly nelfinavir]-based HAART), western African origin, and lower baseline viral load were associated with shorter time to achieving viral suppression. © 2007 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved.

U2 - 10.1086/518284

DO - 10.1086/518284

M3 - Article

VL - 44

SP - 1647

EP - 1656

JO - Clinical Infectious Diseases

JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases

SN - 1058-4838

IS - 12

ER -