TY - JOUR
T1 - The neglected role of formal and informal institutions in women’s entrepreneurship
T2 - a multi-level analysis
AU - Gimenez-Jimenez, Daniela
AU - Calabrò, Andrea
AU - Urbano, David
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank the three anonymous referees and the editor, Prof. Hamid Etemad, for helping and guiding us to improve our study with their valuable comments. David Urbano acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness [project ECO2017-87885-P], the Economy & Knowledge Department—Catalan Government [project 2017-SGR-1056] and ICREA under the ICREA Academia Programme.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - This article draws upon institutional theory to investigate whether and to what extent informal institutions (masculinity, power distance, individualism, and indulgence) affect the relationship between formal institutions (the public expenditure on childcare and the length of parental leave) and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. The main findings show that societies characterized by high masculinity and/or low individualism amplify the relationship between the public expenditure on childcare and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. Instead, high-indulgent societies weaken the negative relationship between the length of parental leave and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. We provide a nuanced picture of women’s entrepreneurship by considering the neglected role of informal institutions.
AB - This article draws upon institutional theory to investigate whether and to what extent informal institutions (masculinity, power distance, individualism, and indulgence) affect the relationship between formal institutions (the public expenditure on childcare and the length of parental leave) and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. The main findings show that societies characterized by high masculinity and/or low individualism amplify the relationship between the public expenditure on childcare and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. Instead, high-indulgent societies weaken the negative relationship between the length of parental leave and the likelihood that women will become entrepreneurs. We provide a nuanced picture of women’s entrepreneurship by considering the neglected role of informal institutions.
KW - Female entrepreneurship
KW - Formal institutions
KW - Informal institutions
KW - Institutional theory
KW - Multi-level analysis
KW - Women’s entrepreneurship
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078929409&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10843-020-00270-8
DO - 10.1007/s10843-020-00270-8
M3 - Artículo
AN - SCOPUS:85078929409
SN - 1570-7385
VL - 18
SP - 196
EP - 226
JO - Journal of International Entrepreneurship
JF - Journal of International Entrepreneurship
IS - 2
ER -
