The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula

J. Aleksić; S. Ansoldi; L. A. Antonelli; P. Antoranz; A. Babic; P. Bangale; M. Barceló; J. A. Barrio; J. Becerra González; W. Bednarek; E. Bernardini; B. Biasuzzi; A. Biland; M. Bitossi; O. Blanch; S. Bonnefoy; G. Bonnoli; F. Borracci; T. Bretz; E. Carmona; A. Carosi; R. Cecchi; P. Colin; E. Colombo; J. L. Contreras; D. Corti; J. Cortina; S. Covino; P. Da Vela; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; G. De Caneva; B. De Lotto; E. De Oña Wilhelmi; C. Delgado Mendez; A. Dettlaff; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; S. Einecke; D. Eisenacher; D. Elsaesser; D. Fidalgo; D. Fink; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; K. Frantzen; C. Fruck; D. Galindo; R. J. García López; M. Garczarczyk; D. Garrido Terrats; M. Gaug; G. Giavitto; N. Godinović; A. González Muñoz; S. R. Gozzini; W. Haberer; D. Hadasch; Y. Hanabata; M. Hayashida; J. Herrera; D. Hildebrand; J. Hose; D. Hrupec; W. Idec; J. M. Illa; V. Kadenius; H. Kellermann; M. L. Knoetig; K. Kodani; Y. Konno; J. Krause; H. Kubo; J. Kushida; A. La Barbera; D. Lelas; J. L. Lemus; N. Lewandowska; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; F. Longo; M. López; R. López-Coto; A. López-Oramas; A. Lorca; E. Lorenz; I. Lozano; M. Makariev; K. Mallot; G. Maneva; N. Mankuzhiyil; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; B. Marcote; M. Mariotti; M. Martínez; D. Mazin; U. Menzel; J. M. Miranda

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005

The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula

J. Aleksić, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, A. Babic, P. Bangale, M. Barceló, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, B. Biasuzzi, A. Biland, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, S. Bonnefoy, G. Bonnoli, F. Borracci, T. Bretz, E. CarmonaA. Carosi, R. Cecchi, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, D. Corti, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, G. De Caneva, B. De Lotto, E. De Oña Wilhelmi, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Dettlaff, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher, D. Elsaesser, D. Fidalgo, D. Fink, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, K. Frantzen, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Garrido Terrats, M. Gaug, G. Giavitto, N. Godinović, A. González Muñoz, S. R. Gozzini, W. Haberer, D. Hadasch, Y. Hanabata, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, D. Hildebrand, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, W. Idec, J. M. Illa, V. Kadenius, H. Kellermann, M. L. Knoetig, K. Kodani, Y. Konno, J. Krause, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. La Barbera, D. Lelas, J. L. Lemus, N. Lewandowska, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, A. Lorca, E. Lorenz, I. Lozano, M. Makariev, K. Mallot, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, B. Marcote, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, J. M. Miranda

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

258 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Abstract MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Canary island of La Palma, Spain. During summer 2011 and 2012 it underwent a series of upgrades, involving the exchange of the MAGIC-I camera and its trigger system, as well as the upgrade of the readout system of both telescopes. We use observations of the Crab Nebula taken at low and medium zenith angles to assess the key performance parameters of the MAGIC stereo system. For low zenith angle observations, the standard trigger threshold of the MAGIC telescopes is ∼ 50 GeV. The integral sensitivity for point-like sources with Crab Nebula-like spectrum above 220 GeV is (0.66 ± 0.03)% of Crab Nebula flux in 50 h of observations. The angular resolution, defined as the σ of a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution, at those energies is ≲ 0.07°, while the energy resolution is 16%. We also re-evaluate the effect of the systematic uncertainty on the data taken with the MAGIC telescopes after the upgrade. We estimate that the systematic uncertainties can be divided in the following components: < 15% in energy scale, 11%-18% in flux normalization and ± 0.15 for the energy spectrum power-law slope.

Original language	English
Article number	2022
Pages (from-to)	76-94
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	72
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2016

Keywords

Cherenkov telescopes
Crab nebula
Gamma-ray astronomy

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10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005

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Aleksić, J., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Babic, A., Bangale, P., Barceló, M., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Bitossi, M., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., Borracci, F., Bretz, T., ... Miranda, J. M. (2016). The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula. Astroparticle Physics, 72, 76-94. [2022]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005

Aleksić, J. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Antoranz, P. ; Babic, A. ; Bangale, P. ; Barceló, M. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra González, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Biasuzzi, B. ; Biland, A. ; Bitossi, M. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnefoy, S. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Borracci, F. ; Bretz, T. ; Carmona, E. ; Carosi, A. ; Cecchi, R. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Corti, D. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Caneva, G. ; De Lotto, B. ; De Oña Wilhelmi, E. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Dettlaff, A. ; Dominis Prester, D. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Eisenacher, D. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Fink, D. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Frantzen, K. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; García López, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Garrido Terrats, D. ; Gaug, M. ; Giavitto, G. ; Godinović, N. ; González Muñoz, A. ; Gozzini, S. R. ; Haberer, W. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hanabata, Y. ; Hayashida, M. ; Herrera, J. ; Hildebrand, D. ; Hose, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Idec, W. ; Illa, J. M. ; Kadenius, V. ; Kellermann, H. ; Knoetig, M. L. ; Kodani, K. ; Konno, Y. ; Krause, J. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; La Barbera, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Lemus, J. L. ; Lewandowska, N. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; López, M. ; López-Coto, R. ; López-Oramas, A. ; Lorca, A. ; Lorenz, E. ; Lozano, I. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallot, K. ; Maneva, G. ; Mankuzhiyil, N. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Marcote, B. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martínez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menzel, U. ; Miranda, J. M. / The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula. In: Astroparticle Physics. 2016 ; Vol. 72. pp. 76-94.

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title = "The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier B.V. Abstract MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Canary island of La Palma, Spain. During summer 2011 and 2012 it underwent a series of upgrades, involving the exchange of the MAGIC-I camera and its trigger system, as well as the upgrade of the readout system of both telescopes. We use observations of the Crab Nebula taken at low and medium zenith angles to assess the key performance parameters of the MAGIC stereo system. For low zenith angle observations, the standard trigger threshold of the MAGIC telescopes is ∼ 50 GeV. The integral sensitivity for point-like sources with Crab Nebula-like spectrum above 220 GeV is (0.66 ± 0.03)% of Crab Nebula flux in 50 h of observations. The angular resolution, defined as the σ of a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution, at those energies is ≲ 0.07°, while the energy resolution is 16%. We also re-evaluate the effect of the systematic uncertainty on the data taken with the MAGIC telescopes after the upgrade. We estimate that the systematic uncertainties can be divided in the following components: < 15% in energy scale, 11%-18% in flux normalization and ± 0.15 for the energy spectrum power-law slope.",

keywords = "Cherenkov telescopes, Crab nebula, Gamma-ray astronomy",

author = "J. Aleksi{\'c} and S. Ansoldi and Antonelli, {L. A.} and P. Antoranz and A. Babic and P. Bangale and M. Barcel{\'o} and Barrio, {J. A.} and {Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez}, J. and W. Bednarek and E. Bernardini and B. Biasuzzi and A. Biland and M. Bitossi and O. Blanch and S. Bonnefoy and G. Bonnoli and F. Borracci and T. Bretz and E. Carmona and A. Carosi and R. Cecchi and P. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, {J. L.} and D. Corti and J. Cortina and S. Covino and {Da Vela}, P. and F. Dazzi and {De Angelis}, A. and {De Caneva}, G. and {De Lotto}, B. and {De O{\~n}a Wilhelmi}, E. and {Delgado Mendez}, C. and A. Dettlaff and {Dominis Prester}, D. and D. Dorner and M. Doro and S. Einecke and D. Eisenacher and D. Elsaesser and D. Fidalgo and D. Fink and Fonseca, {M. V.} and L. Font and K. Frantzen and C. Fruck and D. Galindo and {Garc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez}, {R. J.} and M. Garczarczyk and {Garrido Terrats}, D. and M. Gaug and G. Giavitto and N. Godinovi{\'c} and {Gonz{\'a}lez Mu{\~n}oz}, A. and Gozzini, {S. R.} and W. Haberer and D. Hadasch and Y. Hanabata and M. Hayashida and J. Herrera and D. Hildebrand and J. Hose and D. Hrupec and W. Idec and Illa, {J. M.} and V. Kadenius and H. Kellermann and Knoetig, {M. L.} and K. Kodani and Y. Konno and J. Krause and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and {La Barbera}, A. and D. Lelas and Lemus, {J. L.} and N. Lewandowska and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. L{\'o}pez and R. L{\'o}pez-Coto and A. L{\'o}pez-Oramas and A. Lorca and E. Lorenz and I. Lozano and M. Makariev and K. Mallot and G. Maneva and N. Mankuzhiyil and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and B. Marcote and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and D. Mazin and U. Menzel and Miranda, {J. M.}",

year = "2016",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005",

language = "English",

volume = "72",

pages = "76--94",

journal = "Astroparticle Physics",

issn = "0927-6505",

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Aleksić, J, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, LA, Antoranz, P, Babic, A, Bangale, P, Barceló, M, Barrio, JA, Becerra González, J, Bednarek, W, Bernardini, E, Biasuzzi, B, Biland, A, Bitossi, M, Blanch, O, Bonnefoy, S, Bonnoli, G, Borracci, F, Bretz, T, Carmona, E, Carosi, A, Cecchi, R, Colin, P, Colombo, E, Contreras, JL, Corti, D, Cortina, J, Covino, S, Da Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Caneva, G, De Lotto, B, De Oña Wilhelmi, E, Delgado Mendez, C, Dettlaff, A, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Einecke, S, Eisenacher, D, Elsaesser, D, Fidalgo, D, Fink, D, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, Frantzen, K, Fruck, C, Galindo, D, García López, RJ, Garczarczyk, M, Garrido Terrats, D, Gaug, M, Giavitto, G, Godinović, N, González Muñoz, A, Gozzini, SR, Haberer, W, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Hayashida, M, Herrera, J, Hildebrand, D, Hose, J, Hrupec, D, Idec, W, Illa, JM, Kadenius, V, Kellermann, H, Knoetig, ML, Kodani, K, Konno, Y, Krause, J, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, La Barbera, A, Lelas, D, Lemus, JL, Lewandowska, N, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, López-Coto, R, López-Oramas, A, Lorca, A, Lorenz, E, Lozano, I, Makariev, M, Mallot, K, Maneva, G, Mankuzhiyil, N, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Marcote, B, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Mazin, D, Menzel, U & Miranda, JM 2016, 'The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 72, 2022, pp. 76-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005

The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula. / Aleksić, J.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.; Babic, A.; Bangale, P.; Barceló, M.; Barrio, J. A.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Biasuzzi, B.; Biland, A.; Bitossi, M.; Blanch, O.; Bonnefoy, S.; Bonnoli, G.; Borracci, F.; Bretz, T.; Carmona, E.; Carosi, A.; Cecchi, R.; Colin, P.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Corti, D.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Caneva, G.; De Lotto, B.; De Oña Wilhelmi, E.; Delgado Mendez, C.; Dettlaff, A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Einecke, S.; Eisenacher, D.; Elsaesser, D.; Fidalgo, D.; Fink, D.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Frantzen, K.; Fruck, C.; Galindo, D.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Garrido Terrats, D.; Gaug, M.; Giavitto, G.; Godinović, N.; González Muñoz, A.; Gozzini, S. R.; Haberer, W.; Hadasch, D.; Hanabata, Y.; Hayashida, M.; Herrera, J.; Hildebrand, D.; Hose, J.; Hrupec, D.; Idec, W.; Illa, J. M.; Kadenius, V.; Kellermann, H.; Knoetig, M. L.; Kodani, K.; Konno, Y.; Krause, J.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; La Barbera, A.; Lelas, D.; Lemus, J. L.; Lewandowska, N.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; López-Coto, R.; López-Oramas, A.; Lorca, A.; Lorenz, E.; Lozano, I.; Makariev, M.; Mallot, K.; Maneva, G.; Mankuzhiyil, N.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Marcote, B.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Mazin, D.; Menzel, U.; Miranda, J. M.

In: Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 72, 2022, 01.01.2016, p. 76-94.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula

AU - Aleksić, J.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Antoranz, P.

AU - Babic, A.

AU - Bangale, P.

AU - Barceló, M.

AU - Barrio, J. A.

AU - Becerra González, J.

AU - Bednarek, W.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Biasuzzi, B.

AU - Biland, A.

AU - Bitossi, M.

AU - Blanch, O.

AU - Bonnefoy, S.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Borracci, F.

AU - Bretz, T.

AU - Carmona, E.

AU - Carosi, A.

AU - Cecchi, R.

AU - Colin, P.

AU - Colombo, E.

AU - Contreras, J. L.

AU - Corti, D.

AU - Cortina, J.

AU - Covino, S.

AU - Da Vela, P.

AU - Dazzi, F.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Caneva, G.

AU - De Lotto, B.

AU - De Oña Wilhelmi, E.

AU - Delgado Mendez, C.

AU - Dettlaff, A.

AU - Dominis Prester, D.

AU - Dorner, D.

AU - Doro, M.

AU - Einecke, S.

AU - Eisenacher, D.

AU - Elsaesser, D.

AU - Fidalgo, D.

AU - Fink, D.

AU - Fonseca, M. V.

AU - Font, L.

AU - Frantzen, K.

AU - Fruck, C.

AU - Galindo, D.

AU - García López, R. J.

AU - Garczarczyk, M.

AU - Garrido Terrats, D.

AU - Gaug, M.

AU - Giavitto, G.

AU - Godinović, N.

AU - González Muñoz, A.

AU - Gozzini, S. R.

AU - Haberer, W.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hanabata, Y.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Herrera, J.

AU - Hildebrand, D.

AU - Hose, J.

AU - Hrupec, D.

AU - Idec, W.

AU - Illa, J. M.

AU - Kadenius, V.

AU - Kellermann, H.

AU - Knoetig, M. L.

AU - Kodani, K.

AU - Konno, Y.

AU - Krause, J.

AU - Kubo, H.

AU - Kushida, J.

AU - La Barbera, A.

AU - Lelas, D.

AU - Lemus, J. L.

AU - Lewandowska, N.

AU - Lindfors, E.

AU - Lombardi, S.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - López, M.

AU - López-Coto, R.

AU - López-Oramas, A.

AU - Lorca, A.

AU - Lorenz, E.

AU - Lozano, I.

AU - Makariev, M.

AU - Mallot, K.

AU - Maneva, G.

AU - Mankuzhiyil, N.

AU - Mannheim, K.

AU - Maraschi, L.

AU - Marcote, B.

AU - Mariotti, M.

AU - Martínez, M.

AU - Mazin, D.

AU - Menzel, U.

AU - Miranda, J. M.

PY - 2016/1/1

Y1 - 2016/1/1

N2 - © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Abstract MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Canary island of La Palma, Spain. During summer 2011 and 2012 it underwent a series of upgrades, involving the exchange of the MAGIC-I camera and its trigger system, as well as the upgrade of the readout system of both telescopes. We use observations of the Crab Nebula taken at low and medium zenith angles to assess the key performance parameters of the MAGIC stereo system. For low zenith angle observations, the standard trigger threshold of the MAGIC telescopes is ∼ 50 GeV. The integral sensitivity for point-like sources with Crab Nebula-like spectrum above 220 GeV is (0.66 ± 0.03)% of Crab Nebula flux in 50 h of observations. The angular resolution, defined as the σ of a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution, at those energies is ≲ 0.07°, while the energy resolution is 16%. We also re-evaluate the effect of the systematic uncertainty on the data taken with the MAGIC telescopes after the upgrade. We estimate that the systematic uncertainties can be divided in the following components: < 15% in energy scale, 11%-18% in flux normalization and ± 0.15 for the energy spectrum power-law slope.

AB - © 2015 Elsevier B.V. Abstract MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located in the Canary island of La Palma, Spain. During summer 2011 and 2012 it underwent a series of upgrades, involving the exchange of the MAGIC-I camera and its trigger system, as well as the upgrade of the readout system of both telescopes. We use observations of the Crab Nebula taken at low and medium zenith angles to assess the key performance parameters of the MAGIC stereo system. For low zenith angle observations, the standard trigger threshold of the MAGIC telescopes is ∼ 50 GeV. The integral sensitivity for point-like sources with Crab Nebula-like spectrum above 220 GeV is (0.66 ± 0.03)% of Crab Nebula flux in 50 h of observations. The angular resolution, defined as the σ of a 2-dimensional Gaussian distribution, at those energies is ≲ 0.07°, while the energy resolution is 16%. We also re-evaluate the effect of the systematic uncertainty on the data taken with the MAGIC telescopes after the upgrade. We estimate that the systematic uncertainties can be divided in the following components: < 15% in energy scale, 11%-18% in flux normalization and ± 0.15 for the energy spectrum power-law slope.

KW - Cherenkov telescopes

KW - Crab nebula

KW - Gamma-ray astronomy

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2015.02.005

M3 - Article

VL - 72

SP - 76

EP - 94

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

SN - 0927-6505

M1 - 2022

ER -

The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula

Abstract

Keywords

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