The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey

E. Bufanda; D. Hollowood; T. E. Jeltema; E. S. Rykoff; E. Rozo; P. Martini; T. M.C. Abbott; F. B. Abdalla; S. Allam; M. Banerji; A. Benoit-Lévy; E. Bertin; D. Brooks; A. Carnero Rosell; M. Carrasco Kind; J. Carretero; C. E. Cunha; L. N. da Costa; S. Desai; H. T. Diehl; J. P. Dietrich; A. E. Evrard; A. Fausti Neto; B. Flaugher; J. Frieman; D. W. Gerdes; D. A. Goldstein; D. Gruen; R. A. Gruendl; G. Gutierrez; K. Honscheid; D. J. James; K. Kuehn; N. Kuropatkin; M. Lima; M. A.G. Maia; J. L. Marshall; P. Melchior; R. Miquel; J. J. Mohr; R. Ogando; A. A. Plazas; A. K. Romer; P. Rooney; E. Sanchez; B. Santiago; V. Scarpine; I. Sevilla-Noarbe; R. C. Smith; M. Soares-Santos; F. Sobreira; E. Suchyta; G. Tarle; D. Thomas; D. L. Tucker; A. R. Walker

doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2824

The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey

E. Bufanda, D. Hollowood, T. E. Jeltema, E. S. Rykoff, E. Rozo, P. Martini, T. M.C. Abbott, F. B. Abdalla, S. Allam, M. Banerji, A. Benoit-Lévy, E. Bertin, D. Brooks, A. Carnero Rosell, M. Carrasco Kind, J. Carretero, C. E. Cunha, L. N. da Costa, S. Desai, H. T. DiehlJ. P. Dietrich, A. E. Evrard, A. Fausti Neto, B. Flaugher, J. Frieman, D. W. Gerdes, D. A. Goldstein, D. Gruen, R. A. Gruendl, G. Gutierrez, K. Honscheid, D. J. James, K. Kuehn, N. Kuropatkin, M. Lima, M. A.G. Maia, J. L. Marshall, P. Melchior, R. Miquel, J. J. Mohr, R. Ogando, A. A. Plazas, A. K. Romer, P. Rooney, E. Sanchez, B. Santiago, V. Scarpine, I. Sevilla-Noarbe, R. C. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, F. Sobreira, E. Suchyta, G. Tarle, D. Thomas, D. L. Tucker, A. R. Walker

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Abstract

© 2016 The Authors. The correlation between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and environment provides important clues to AGN fuelling and the relationship of black hole growth to galaxy evolution. In this paper, we analyse the fraction of galaxies in clusters hosting AGN as a function of redshift and cluster richness for X-ray-detected AGN associated with clusters of galaxies in Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification data. The present sample includes 33 AGNs with LX > 1043 erg s-1 in non-central, host galaxies with luminosity greater than 0.5L* from a total sample of 432 clusters in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 0.95. Analysis of the present sample reveals that the AGN fraction in red-sequence cluster members has a strong positive correlation with redshift such that the AGN fraction increases by a factor of ~8 from low to high redshift, and the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting AGN at high redshifts is greater than the low-redshift fraction at 3.6σ. In particular, the AGN fraction increases steeply at the highest redshifts in our sample at z > 0.7. This result is in good agreement with previous work and parallels the increase in star formation in cluster galaxies over the same redshift range. However, the AGN fraction in clusters is observed to have no significant correlation with cluster mass. Future analyses with DES Year 1 through Year 3 data will be able to clarify whether AGN activity is correlated to cluster mass and will tightly constrain the relationship between cluster AGN populations and redshift.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2531-2539
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	465
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2824
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2017

Keywords

Galaxies: active
X-rays: galaxies
X-rays: galaxies: clusters

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10.1093/mnras/stw2824

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Bufanda, E., Hollowood, D., Jeltema, T. E., Rykoff, E. S., Rozo, E., Martini, P., Abbott, T. M. C., Abdalla, F. B., Allam, S., Banerji, M., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Cunha, C. E., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., ... Walker, A. R. (2017). The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 465(3), 2531-2539. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2824

Bufanda, E. ; Hollowood, D. ; Jeltema, T. E. ; Rykoff, E. S. ; Rozo, E. ; Martini, P. ; Abbott, T. M.C. ; Abdalla, F. B. ; Allam, S. ; Banerji, M. ; Benoit-Lévy, A. ; Bertin, E. ; Brooks, D. ; Carnero Rosell, A. ; Carrasco Kind, M. ; Carretero, J. ; Cunha, C. E. ; da Costa, L. N. ; Desai, S. ; Diehl, H. T. ; Dietrich, J. P. ; Evrard, A. E. ; Fausti Neto, A. ; Flaugher, B. ; Frieman, J. ; Gerdes, D. W. ; Goldstein, D. A. ; Gruen, D. ; Gruendl, R. A. ; Gutierrez, G. ; Honscheid, K. ; James, D. J. ; Kuehn, K. ; Kuropatkin, N. ; Lima, M. ; Maia, M. A.G. ; Marshall, J. L. ; Melchior, P. ; Miquel, R. ; Mohr, J. J. ; Ogando, R. ; Plazas, A. A. ; Romer, A. K. ; Rooney, P. ; Sanchez, E. ; Santiago, B. ; Scarpine, V. ; Sevilla-Noarbe, I. ; Smith, R. C. ; Soares-Santos, M. ; Sobreira, F. ; Suchyta, E. ; Tarle, G. ; Thomas, D. ; Tucker, D. L. ; Walker, A. R. / The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey. In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2017 ; Vol. 465, No. 3. pp. 2531-2539.

@article{c1e4428df5424c228683de1f39c4812c,

title = "The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} 2016 The Authors. The correlation between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and environment provides important clues to AGN fuelling and the relationship of black hole growth to galaxy evolution. In this paper, we analyse the fraction of galaxies in clusters hosting AGN as a function of redshift and cluster richness for X-ray-detected AGN associated with clusters of galaxies in Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification data. The present sample includes 33 AGNs with LX > 1043 erg s-1 in non-central, host galaxies with luminosity greater than 0.5L* from a total sample of 432 clusters in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 0.95. Analysis of the present sample reveals that the AGN fraction in red-sequence cluster members has a strong positive correlation with redshift such that the AGN fraction increases by a factor of ~8 from low to high redshift, and the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting AGN at high redshifts is greater than the low-redshift fraction at 3.6σ. In particular, the AGN fraction increases steeply at the highest redshifts in our sample at z > 0.7. This result is in good agreement with previous work and parallels the increase in star formation in cluster galaxies over the same redshift range. However, the AGN fraction in clusters is observed to have no significant correlation with cluster mass. Future analyses with DES Year 1 through Year 3 data will be able to clarify whether AGN activity is correlated to cluster mass and will tightly constrain the relationship between cluster AGN populations and redshift.",

keywords = "Galaxies: active, X-rays: galaxies, X-rays: galaxies: clusters",

author = "E. Bufanda and D. Hollowood and Jeltema, {T. E.} and Rykoff, {E. S.} and E. Rozo and P. Martini and Abbott, {T. M.C.} and Abdalla, {F. B.} and S. Allam and M. Banerji and A. Benoit-L{\'e}vy and E. Bertin and D. Brooks and {Carnero Rosell}, A. and {Carrasco Kind}, M. and J. Carretero and Cunha, {C. E.} and {da Costa}, {L. N.} and S. Desai and Diehl, {H. T.} and Dietrich, {J. P.} and Evrard, {A. E.} and {Fausti Neto}, A. and B. Flaugher and J. Frieman and Gerdes, {D. W.} and Goldstein, {D. A.} and D. Gruen and Gruendl, {R. A.} and G. Gutierrez and K. Honscheid and James, {D. J.} and K. Kuehn and N. Kuropatkin and M. Lima and Maia, {M. A.G.} and Marshall, {J. L.} and P. Melchior and R. Miquel and Mohr, {J. J.} and R. Ogando and Plazas, {A. A.} and Romer, {A. K.} and P. Rooney and E. Sanchez and B. Santiago and V. Scarpine and I. Sevilla-Noarbe and Smith, {R. C.} and M. Soares-Santos and F. Sobreira and E. Suchyta and G. Tarle and D. Thomas and Tucker, {D. L.} and Walker, {A. R.}",

year = "2017",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stw2824",

language = "English",

volume = "465",

pages = "2531--2539",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

number = "3",

}

Bufanda, E, Hollowood, D, Jeltema, TE, Rykoff, ES, Rozo, E, Martini, P, Abbott, TMC, Abdalla, FB, Allam, S, Banerji, M, Benoit-Lévy, A, Bertin, E, Brooks, D, Carnero Rosell, A, Carrasco Kind, M, Carretero, J, Cunha, CE, da Costa, LN, Desai, S, Diehl, HT, Dietrich, JP, Evrard, AE, Fausti Neto, A, Flaugher, B, Frieman, J, Gerdes, DW, Goldstein, DA, Gruen, D, Gruendl, RA, Gutierrez, G, Honscheid, K, James, DJ, Kuehn, K, Kuropatkin, N, Lima, M, Maia, MAG, Marshall, JL, Melchior, P, Miquel, R, Mohr, JJ, Ogando, R, Plazas, AA, Romer, AK, Rooney, P, Sanchez, E, Santiago, B, Scarpine, V, Sevilla-Noarbe, I, Smith, RC, Soares-Santos, M, Sobreira, F, Suchyta, E, Tarle, G, Thomas, D, Tucker, DL & Walker, AR 2017, 'The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 465, no. 3, pp. 2531-2539. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw2824

The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey. / Bufanda, E.; Hollowood, D.; Jeltema, T. E.; Rykoff, E. S.; Rozo, E.; Martini, P.; Abbott, T. M.C.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.; Banerji, M.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bertin, E.; Brooks, D.; Carnero Rosell, A.; Carrasco Kind, M.; Carretero, J.; Cunha, C. E.; da Costa, L. N.; Desai, S.; Diehl, H. T.; Dietrich, J. P.; Evrard, A. E.; Fausti Neto, A.; Flaugher, B.; Frieman, J.; Gerdes, D. W.; Goldstein, D. A.; Gruen, D.; Gruendl, R. A.; Gutierrez, G.; Honscheid, K.; James, D. J.; Kuehn, K.; Kuropatkin, N.; Lima, M.; Maia, M. A.G.; Marshall, J. L.; Melchior, P.; Miquel, R.; Mohr, J. J.; Ogando, R.; Plazas, A. A.; Romer, A. K.; Rooney, P.; Sanchez, E.; Santiago, B.; Scarpine, V.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.; Smith, R. C.; Soares-Santos, M.; Sobreira, F.; Suchyta, E.; Tarle, G.; Thomas, D.; Tucker, D. L.; Walker, A. R.

In: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 465, No. 3, 01.01.2017, p. 2531-2539.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey

AU - Bufanda, E.

AU - Hollowood, D.

AU - Jeltema, T. E.

AU - Rykoff, E. S.

AU - Rozo, E.

AU - Martini, P.

AU - Abbott, T. M.C.

AU - Abdalla, F. B.

AU - Allam, S.

AU - Banerji, M.

AU - Benoit-Lévy, A.

AU - Bertin, E.

AU - Brooks, D.

AU - Carnero Rosell, A.

AU - Carrasco Kind, M.

AU - Carretero, J.

AU - Cunha, C. E.

AU - da Costa, L. N.

AU - Desai, S.

AU - Diehl, H. T.

AU - Dietrich, J. P.

AU - Evrard, A. E.

AU - Fausti Neto, A.

AU - Flaugher, B.

AU - Frieman, J.

AU - Gerdes, D. W.

AU - Goldstein, D. A.

AU - Gruen, D.

AU - Gruendl, R. A.

AU - Gutierrez, G.

AU - Honscheid, K.

AU - James, D. J.

AU - Kuehn, K.

AU - Kuropatkin, N.

AU - Lima, M.

AU - Maia, M. A.G.

AU - Marshall, J. L.

AU - Melchior, P.

AU - Miquel, R.

AU - Mohr, J. J.

AU - Ogando, R.

AU - Plazas, A. A.

AU - Romer, A. K.

AU - Rooney, P.

AU - Sanchez, E.

AU - Santiago, B.

AU - Scarpine, V.

AU - Sevilla-Noarbe, I.

AU - Smith, R. C.

AU - Soares-Santos, M.

AU - Sobreira, F.

AU - Suchyta, E.

AU - Tarle, G.

AU - Thomas, D.

AU - Tucker, D. L.

AU - Walker, A. R.

PY - 2017/1/1

Y1 - 2017/1/1

N2 - © 2016 The Authors. The correlation between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and environment provides important clues to AGN fuelling and the relationship of black hole growth to galaxy evolution. In this paper, we analyse the fraction of galaxies in clusters hosting AGN as a function of redshift and cluster richness for X-ray-detected AGN associated with clusters of galaxies in Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification data. The present sample includes 33 AGNs with LX > 1043 erg s-1 in non-central, host galaxies with luminosity greater than 0.5L* from a total sample of 432 clusters in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 0.95. Analysis of the present sample reveals that the AGN fraction in red-sequence cluster members has a strong positive correlation with redshift such that the AGN fraction increases by a factor of ~8 from low to high redshift, and the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting AGN at high redshifts is greater than the low-redshift fraction at 3.6σ. In particular, the AGN fraction increases steeply at the highest redshifts in our sample at z > 0.7. This result is in good agreement with previous work and parallels the increase in star formation in cluster galaxies over the same redshift range. However, the AGN fraction in clusters is observed to have no significant correlation with cluster mass. Future analyses with DES Year 1 through Year 3 data will be able to clarify whether AGN activity is correlated to cluster mass and will tightly constrain the relationship between cluster AGN populations and redshift.

AB - © 2016 The Authors. The correlation between active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and environment provides important clues to AGN fuelling and the relationship of black hole growth to galaxy evolution. In this paper, we analyse the fraction of galaxies in clusters hosting AGN as a function of redshift and cluster richness for X-ray-detected AGN associated with clusters of galaxies in Dark Energy Survey (DES) Science Verification data. The present sample includes 33 AGNs with LX > 1043 erg s-1 in non-central, host galaxies with luminosity greater than 0.5L* from a total sample of 432 clusters in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 0.95. Analysis of the present sample reveals that the AGN fraction in red-sequence cluster members has a strong positive correlation with redshift such that the AGN fraction increases by a factor of ~8 from low to high redshift, and the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting AGN at high redshifts is greater than the low-redshift fraction at 3.6σ. In particular, the AGN fraction increases steeply at the highest redshifts in our sample at z > 0.7. This result is in good agreement with previous work and parallels the increase in star formation in cluster galaxies over the same redshift range. However, the AGN fraction in clusters is observed to have no significant correlation with cluster mass. Future analyses with DES Year 1 through Year 3 data will be able to clarify whether AGN activity is correlated to cluster mass and will tightly constrain the relationship between cluster AGN populations and redshift.

KW - Galaxies: active

KW - X-rays: galaxies

KW - X-rays: galaxies: clusters

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stw2824

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stw2824

M3 - Article

VL - 465

SP - 2531

EP - 2539

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 3

ER -

The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey

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