Abstract
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 516-523 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Epidemiology |
Volume | 22 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jul 2011 |
Keywords
- anti human immunodeficiency virus agent
- virus RNA
- accident
- acquired immune deficiency syndrome
- adult
- article
- autopsy
- cause of death
- CD4 lymphocyte count
- central nervous system disease
- chronic obstructive lung disease
- coding
- coding cause of death in hiv project
- controlled study
- depression
- diabetes mellitus
- digestive system disease
- dyslipidemia
- evaluation
- female
- gastrointestinal hemorrhage
- heart disease
- heart infarction
- hematologic disease
- hepatitis B
- hepatitis C
- human
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient
- hypertension
- infection
- ischemic heart disease
- kidney failure
- lactic acidosis
- liver failure
- lung embolism
- major clinical study
- male
- medical information system
- mental disease
- methodology
- neoplasm
- pancreatitis
- priority journal
- pulmonary hypertension
- respiratory tract disease
- stroke
- substance abuse
- sudden death
- suicide
- vascular disease
- violence
- virus hepatitis
- virus load
- Adult
- Cause of Death
- Clinical Coding
- Data Collection
- Female
- HIV Infections
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Population Surveillance
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The coding causes of death in hiv (code) project initial results and evaluation of methodology. / Kowalska, J.D.; Friis-Møller, N.; Kirk, O. et al.
In: Epidemiology, Vol. 22, No. 4, 07.2011, p. 516-523.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - The coding causes of death in hiv (code) project initial results and evaluation of methodology
AU - Kowalska, J.D.
AU - Friis-Møller, N.
AU - Kirk, O.
AU - Bannister, W.
AU - Mocroft, A.
AU - Sabin, C.
AU - Reiss, P.
AU - Gill, J.
AU - Lewden, C.
AU - Phillips, A.
AU - Monforte, A.D.
AU - Law, M.
AU - Sterne, J.
AU - De Wit, S.
AU - Lundgren, J.D.
AU - Torres, Ferran
N1 - Cited By :102 Export Date: 17 February 2022 CODEN: EPIDE Correspondence Address: Kowalska, J.D.; Copenhagen HIV Programme, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: jko@cphiv.dk Funding details: Medical Research Council, MRC, G0100221 References: Mocroft, A., Vella, S., Benfield, T.L., Chiesi, A., Miller, V., Gargalianos, P., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Lundgren, J.D., Changing patterns of mortality across Europe in patients infected with HIV-1 (1998) Lancet, 352 (9142), pp. 1725-1730; Van Sighem, A., Danner, S., Ghani, A.C., Gras, L., Anderson, R.M., De Wolf, F., Mortality in patients with successful initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy is still higher than in non-HIV-infected individuals (2005) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 40 (2), pp. 212-218. , DOI 10.1097/01.qai.0000165911.97085.d0; Keiser, O., Taffe, P., Zwahlen, M., All cause mortality in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 1990 to 2001 in comparison with the Swiss population AIDS, 2004 (18), pp. 1835-1843; Mocroft, A., Brettle, R., Kirk, O., Blaxhult, A., Parkin, J.M., Antunes, F., Francioli, P., Lundgren, J.D., Changes in the cause of death among HIV positive subjects across Europe: Results from the EuroSIDA study (2002) AIDS, 16 (12), pp. 1663-1671. , DOI 10.1097/00002030-200208160-00012; Krentz, H.B., Kliewer, G., Gill, M.J., Changing mortality rates and causes of death for HIV-infected individuals living in Southern Alberta, Canada from 1984 to 2003 HIV Med., 2005 (6), pp. 99-106; Lewden, C., May, T., Rosenthal, E., Changes in causes of death among adults infected by HIV between 2000 and 2005: The "Mortalite 2000 and 2005" Surveys (ANRS EN19 and Mortavic) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr., 2008 (48), pp. 590-598; Weber, R., Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus the D:A:D study (2006) Archives of Internal Medicine, 166 (15), pp. 1632-1641. , http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/166/15/1632, DOI 10.1001/archinte.166.15.1632; Monforte, A., Abrams, D., Pradier, C., HIV-induced immunodeficiency and mortality from AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining malignancies (2008) AIDS, 22, pp. 2143-2153; Palella Jr., F.J., Baker, R.K., Moorman, A.C., Chmiel, J.S., Wood, K.C., Brooks, J.T., Holmberg, S.D., Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: Changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study (2006) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 43 (1), pp. 27-34. , DOI 10.1097/01.qai.0000233310.90484.16, PII 0012633420060900000005; The antiretroviral therapy cohort collaboration. 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Accessed February 2009; Strategies for management of anti-Retroviral therapy/INSIGHT; DAD Study Groups. Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients (2008) AIDS, 22, pp. F17-F24; Sabin, C.A., Smith, C.J., Youle, M., Lampe, F.C., Bell, D.R., Puradiredja, D., Lipman, M.C.I., Johnson, M.A., Deaths in the era of HAART: Contribution of late presentation, treatment exposure, resistance and abnormal laboratory markers (2006) AIDS, 20 (1), pp. 67-71; Mocroft, A., Gatell, J., Reiss, P., Ledergerber, B., Kirk, O., Vella, S., Blaxhult, A., Lundgren, J., Causes of death in HIV infection: The key determinant to define the clinical response to anti-HIV therapy (2004) AIDS, 18 (17), pp. 2333-2337. , DOI 10.1097/00002030-200411190-00018; Reisler, R.B., Han, C., Burman, W.J., Tedaldi, E.M., Neaton, J.D., Grade 4 Events Are as Important as AIDS Events in the Era of HAART (2003) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 34 (4), pp. 379-386. , DOI 10.1097/00126334-200312010-00004; Smith, C.J., Olsen, C.H., Mocroft, A., Viard, J.P., Staszewski, S., Panos, G., Staub, T., Lundgren, J.D., The role of antiretroviral therapy in the incidence of pancreatitis in HIV-positive individuals in the EuroSIDA study (2008) AIDS, 22 (1), pp. 47-56. , DOI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3282f03094, PII 0000203020080102000006; Johansson, L.A., Westerling, R., Comparing hospital discharge records with death certificates: Can the differences be explained? (2002) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 56 (4), pp. 301-308. , DOI 10.1136/jech.56.4.301; Roulson, J., Benbow, E.W., Hasleton, P.S., Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis and the value of post mortem histology; a meta-analysis and review (2005) Histopathology, 47 (6), pp. 551-559. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02243.x; Villar, J., Perez-Mendez, L., Evaluating an educational intervention to improve the accuracy of death certification among trainees from various specialties (2007) BMC Health Serv Res., 7, p. 183; Kowalska, J.D., Mocroft, A., Ledergerber, B., A standardized algorithm for determining the underlying cause of death in HIV infection as AIDS or non-AIDS related: Results from the EuroSIDA study (2011) HIV Clin Trials., 12, pp. 109-117; Petersen, J.L., Haque, G., Hellkamp, A.S., Comparing classifications of death in the mode selection trial: Agreement and disagreement among site investigators and a clinical events committee (2006) Contemp Clin Trials., 27, pp. 260-268; Barchielli, A., Buiatti, E., Galanti, C., Giovannetti, L., Acciai, S., Lazzeri, V., Completeness of AIDS reporting and quality of AIDS death certification in Tuscany (Italy): A linkage study between surveillance system of cases and death certificates (1995) Eur J Epidemiol., 11, pp. 513-517; Nojilana, B., Groenewald, P., Bradshaw, D., Reagon, G., Quality of cause of death certification at an academic hospital in Cape Town, South Africa (2009) S Afr Med J., 99, pp. 648-652; McCormick, A., Unrecognised HIV related deaths (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1365-1367; Granger, C.B., Vogel, V., Cummings, S.R., Held, P., Fiedorek, F., Lawrence, M., Neal, B., Zhao, F., Do we need to adjudicate major clinical events? (2008) Clinical Trials, 5 (1), pp. 56-60. , DOI 10.1177/1740774507087972; Coe, A.M., Tumilty, S.M., Graham, C., T1009 use of a death adjudication committee in a cohort study of hepatitis C and HIV infection (2008) Gastroenterology., 134 (4 SUPPL. 1). , A; McGarvey, L.P., John, M., Anderson, J.A., Zvarich, M., Wise, R.A., Ascertainment of cause-specific mortality in COPD: Operations of the TORCH Clinical Endpoint Committee (2007) Thorax, 62 (5), pp. 411-415. , DOI 10.1136/thx.2006.072348; Dechartres, A., Boutron, I., Roy, C., Ravaud, P., Inadequate planning and reporting of adjudication committees in clinical trials: Recommendation proposal (2009) J Clin Epidemiol., 62, pp. 695-702; Naslund, U., Grip, L., Fischer-Hansen, J., Gundersen, T., Lehto, S., Wallentin, L., The impact of an end-point committee in a large multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Results with and without the end-point committee's final decision on end-points (1999) European Heart Journal, 20 (10), pp. 771-777. , DOI 10.1053/euhj.1998.1351; Coding Causes of Death in HIV Protocol Version 1.0. CoDe Website, , http://www.cphiv.dk/Portals/_default/pdfhfolder/code_protocol_ver_1.0.pdf, Accessed February 2005; Olsen, C.H., Friis-Moller, N., D'arminio, A., Pilot of the CoDe (Coding of Death) project - A standardized approach to code cause of death in HIV infected individuals (2005) 10th European AIDS Conference, , 17 November, Abstr PE18.4/9; The CoDe Project Review Documents. The CoDe Project Website, , http://www.chip.dk/CoDe/Review/tabid/103/Default.aspx, Accessed 20 April 2009; The CoDe Project Reviewers List. The CoDe Project Website, , http://www.cphiv.dk/CoDe/CoDeReviewers/tabid/324/Default.aspx, Accessed 27 November 2009; Friis-Moller, N., Weber, R., Reiss, P., Thiebaut, R., Kirk, O., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Pradier, C., Lundgren, J.D., Cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV patients - Association with antiretroviral therapy. Results from the DAD study (2003) AIDS, 17 (8), pp. 1179-1193. , DOI 10.1097/00002030-200305230-00010; The HIV-TB Project. The HIV-TB Project Website, , http://www.cphiv.dk/HIVTB/tabid/284/Default.aspx, Accessed February 2009; Lifson, A.R., Belloso, W.H., Carey, C., Davey, R.T., Duprez, D., El-Sadr, W.M., Gatell, J.M., Worley, J., Determination of the underlying cause of death in three multicenter international HIV clinical trials (2008) HIV Clinical Trials, 9 (3), pp. 177-185. , DOI 10.1310/hct0903-177; International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials Website. START Study Protocol, , http://insight.ccbr.umn.edu/official_documents/START/protocol_documents/ START_Protocol.pdf, Accessed 9 December 2008
PY - 2011/7
Y1 - 2011/7
N2 - Background: The Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) Project aims to deliver a standardized method for coding the underlying cause of death in HIV-positive persons, suitable for clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. Methods: The project incorporates detailed data collection, a classification system, and a centralized adjudication process performed by 2 independent reviewers. The methodology was tested in the Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study, and independent reviews of causes of death were compared. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with initial agreement by reviewers on underlying cause of death. Results: A total of 491 reported fatal cases were adjudicated; in only 5% of cases the cause of death remained undetermined after adjudication. Reviewers initially agreed on the underlying cause for 339 (69%) deaths. As compared with deaths due to AIDS-related causes, the odds of agreement were more than 80% lower when deaths were ultimately deemed to be due to non-AIDS-related causes (odds ratio [0.17]95% confidence interval [0.08-0.37]) or undetermined causes (0.11 [0.04-0.36]). The odds of initial agreement were also lower for deaths occurring in subjects with hypertension (0.43 [0.22- 0.85]) and depression (0.43 [0.23- 0.80]). Conclusions: The extent and format of data collected in the CoDe Project appear to be sufficient for an informed review, and the proposed coding scheme is adequate for obtaining an underlying cause of death. © 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
AB - Background: The Coding Causes of Death in HIV (CoDe) Project aims to deliver a standardized method for coding the underlying cause of death in HIV-positive persons, suitable for clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. Methods: The project incorporates detailed data collection, a classification system, and a centralized adjudication process performed by 2 independent reviewers. The methodology was tested in the Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study, and independent reviews of causes of death were compared. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with initial agreement by reviewers on underlying cause of death. Results: A total of 491 reported fatal cases were adjudicated; in only 5% of cases the cause of death remained undetermined after adjudication. Reviewers initially agreed on the underlying cause for 339 (69%) deaths. As compared with deaths due to AIDS-related causes, the odds of agreement were more than 80% lower when deaths were ultimately deemed to be due to non-AIDS-related causes (odds ratio [0.17]95% confidence interval [0.08-0.37]) or undetermined causes (0.11 [0.04-0.36]). The odds of initial agreement were also lower for deaths occurring in subjects with hypertension (0.43 [0.22- 0.85]) and depression (0.43 [0.23- 0.80]). Conclusions: The extent and format of data collected in the CoDe Project appear to be sufficient for an informed review, and the proposed coding scheme is adequate for obtaining an underlying cause of death. © 2011 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KW - anti human immunodeficiency virus agent
KW - virus RNA
KW - accident
KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome
KW - adult
KW - article
KW - autopsy
KW - cause of death
KW - CD4 lymphocyte count
KW - central nervous system disease
KW - chronic obstructive lung disease
KW - coding
KW - coding cause of death in hiv project
KW - controlled study
KW - depression
KW - diabetes mellitus
KW - digestive system disease
KW - dyslipidemia
KW - evaluation
KW - female
KW - gastrointestinal hemorrhage
KW - heart disease
KW - heart infarction
KW - hematologic disease
KW - hepatitis B
KW - hepatitis C
KW - human
KW - Human immunodeficiency virus
KW - Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient
KW - hypertension
KW - infection
KW - ischemic heart disease
KW - kidney failure
KW - lactic acidosis
KW - liver failure
KW - lung embolism
KW - major clinical study
KW - male
KW - medical information system
KW - mental disease
KW - methodology
KW - neoplasm
KW - pancreatitis
KW - priority journal
KW - pulmonary hypertension
KW - respiratory tract disease
KW - stroke
KW - substance abuse
KW - sudden death
KW - suicide
KW - vascular disease
KW - violence
KW - virus hepatitis
KW - virus load
KW - Adult
KW - Cause of Death
KW - Clinical Coding
KW - Data Collection
KW - Female
KW - HIV Infections
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Population Surveillance
UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21522013
U2 - 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31821b5332
DO - 10.1097/EDE.0b013e31821b5332
M3 - Article
C2 - 21522013
VL - 22
SP - 516
EP - 523
JO - Epidemiology
JF - Epidemiology
SN - 1044-3983
IS - 4
ER -