The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

T. Trifonov; M. Kürster; M. Zechmeister; L. Tal-Or; J. A. Caballero; A. Quirrenbach; P. J. Amado; I. Ribas; A. Reiners; S. Reffert; S. Dreizler; A. P. Hatzes; A. Kaminski; R. Launhardt; Th Henning; D. Montes; V. J.S. Béjar; R. Mundt; A. Pavlov; J. H.M.M. Schmitt; W. Seifert; J. C. Morales; G. Nowak; S. V. Jeffers; C. Rodríguez-López; C. Del Burgo; G. Anglada-Escudé; J. López-Santiago; R. J. Mathar; M. Ammler-Von Eiff; E. W. Guenther; D. Barrado; J. I. González Hernández; L. Mancini; J. Stürmer; M. Abril; J. Aceituno; F. J. Alonso-Floriano; R. Antona; H. Anwand-Heerwart; B. Arroyo-Torres; M. Azzaro; D. Baroch; F. F. Bauer; S. Becerril; D. Benítez; Z. M. Berdiñas; G. Bergond; M. Blümcke; M. Brinkmöller; J. Cano; M. C. Cárdenas Vázquez; E. Casal; C. Cifuentes; A. Claret; J. Colomé; M. Cortés-Contreras; S. Czesla; E. Díez-Alonso; C. Feiz; M. Fernández; I. M. Ferro; B. Fuhrmeister; D. Galadí-Enríquez; A. Garcia-Piquer; M. L. García Vargas; L. Gesa; V. Gómez Galera; R. González-Peinado; U. Grözinger; S. Grohnert; J. Guàrdia; A. Guijarro; E. De Guindos; J. Gutiérrez-Soto; H. J. Hagen; P. H. Hauschildt; R. P. Hedrosa; J. Helmling; I. Hermelo; R. Hernández Arabí; L. Hernández Castaño; F. Hernández Hernando; E. Herrero; A. Huber; P. Huke; E. Johnson; E. De Juan; M. Kim; R. Klein; J. Klüter; A. Klutsch; M. Lafarga; M. Lampón; L. M. Lara; W. Laun; U. Lemke; R. Lenzen; M. López Del Fresno; M. J. López-González

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731442

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

T. Trifonov, M. Kürster, M. Zechmeister, L. Tal-Or, J. A. Caballero, A. Quirrenbach, P. J. Amado, I. Ribas, A. Reiners, S. Reffert, S. Dreizler, A. P. Hatzes, A. Kaminski, R. Launhardt, Th Henning, D. Montes, V. J.S. Béjar, R. Mundt, A. Pavlov, J. H.M.M. SchmittW. Seifert, J. C. Morales, G. Nowak, S. V. Jeffers, C. Rodríguez-López, C. Del Burgo, G. Anglada-Escudé, J. López-Santiago, R. J. Mathar, M. Ammler-Von Eiff, E. W. Guenther, D. Barrado, J. I. González Hernández, L. Mancini, J. Stürmer, M. Abril, J. Aceituno, F. J. Alonso-Floriano, R. Antona, H. Anwand-Heerwart, B. Arroyo-Torres, M. Azzaro, D. Baroch, F. F. Bauer, S. Becerril, D. Benítez, Z. M. Berdiñas, G. Bergond, M. Blümcke, M. Brinkmöller, J. Cano, M. C. Cárdenas Vázquez, E. Casal, C. Cifuentes, A. Claret, J. Colomé, M. Cortés-Contreras, S. Czesla, E. Díez-Alonso, C. Feiz, M. Fernández, I. M. Ferro, B. Fuhrmeister, D. Galadí-Enríquez, A. Garcia-Piquer, M. L. García Vargas, L. Gesa, V. Gómez Galera, R. González-Peinado, U. Grözinger, S. Grohnert, J. Guàrdia, A. Guijarro, E. De Guindos, J. Gutiérrez-Soto, H. J. Hagen, P. H. Hauschildt, R. P. Hedrosa, J. Helmling, I. Hermelo, R. Hernández Arabí, L. Hernández Castaño, F. Hernández Hernando, E. Herrero, A. Huber, P. Huke, E. Johnson, E. De Juan, M. Kim, R. Klein, J. Klüter, A. Klutsch, M. Lafarga, M. Lampón, L. M. Lara, W. Laun, U. Lemke, R. Lenzen, M. López Del Fresno, M. J. López-González

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Abstract

© ESO, 2018. Context. The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ 15 A, GJ 176, GJ 436, GJ 536 and GJ 1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ 581 and GJ 876). Aims. We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods. We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems were fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results. We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ 15 A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ 15 Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period (Pc = 7030-630+970 d) Saturn-mass (mcsini = 51.8M) planet around GJ 15 A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ 1148, for which we estimate a period Pc = 532.6 days, eccentricity ec = 0.342 and minimum mass mcsini = 68.1M. Conclusions. The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars.

Original language	English
Article number	A117
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	609
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731442
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2018

Keywords

Planetary systems
Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Stars: late-type
Stars: low-mass

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10.1051/0004-6361/201731442

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Trifonov, T., Kürster, M., Zechmeister, M., Tal-Or, L., Caballero, J. A., Quirrenbach, A., Amado, P. J., Ribas, I., Reiners, A., Reffert, S., Dreizler, S., Hatzes, A. P., Kaminski, A., Launhardt, R., Henning, T., Montes, D., Béjar, V. J. S., Mundt, R., Pavlov, A., ... López-González, M. J. (2018). The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 609, [A117]. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731442

@article{71d3b34e023d4870a8f1ec505883befb,

title = "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} ESO, 2018. Context. The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ 15 A, GJ 176, GJ 436, GJ 536 and GJ 1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ 581 and GJ 876). Aims. We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods. We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems were fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results. We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ 15 A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ 15 Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period (Pc = 7030-630+970 d) Saturn-mass (mcsini = 51.8M) planet around GJ 15 A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ 1148, for which we estimate a period Pc = 532.6 days, eccentricity ec = 0.342 and minimum mass mcsini = 68.1M. Conclusions. The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars.",

keywords = "Planetary systems, Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability, Stars: late-type, Stars: low-mass",

author = "T. Trifonov and M. K{\"u}rster and M. Zechmeister and L. Tal-Or and Caballero, {J. A.} and A. Quirrenbach and Amado, {P. J.} and I. Ribas and A. Reiners and S. Reffert and S. Dreizler and Hatzes, {A. P.} and A. Kaminski and R. Launhardt and Th Henning and D. Montes and B{\'e}jar, {V. J.S.} and R. Mundt and A. Pavlov and Schmitt, {J. H.M.M.} and W. Seifert and Morales, {J. C.} and G. Nowak and Jeffers, {S. V.} and C. Rodr{\'i}guez-L{\'o}pez and {Del Burgo}, C. and G. Anglada-Escud{\'e} and J. L{\'o}pez-Santiago and Mathar, {R. J.} and {Ammler-Von Eiff}, M. and Guenther, {E. W.} and D. Barrado and {Gonz{\'a}lez Hern{\'a}ndez}, {J. I.} and L. Mancini and J. St{\"u}rmer and M. Abril and J. Aceituno and Alonso-Floriano, {F. J.} and R. Antona and H. Anwand-Heerwart and B. Arroyo-Torres and M. Azzaro and D. Baroch and Bauer, {F. F.} and S. Becerril and D. Ben{\'i}tez and Berdi{\~n}as, {Z. M.} and G. Bergond and M. Bl{\"u}mcke and M. Brinkm{\"o}ller and J. Cano and {C{\'a}rdenas V{\'a}zquez}, {M. C.} and E. Casal and C. Cifuentes and A. Claret and J. Colom{\'e} and M. Cort{\'e}s-Contreras and S. Czesla and E. D{\'i}ez-Alonso and C. Feiz and M. Fern{\'a}ndez and Ferro, {I. M.} and B. Fuhrmeister and D. Galad{\'i}-Enr{\'i}quez and A. Garcia-Piquer and {Garc{\'i}a Vargas}, {M. L.} and L. Gesa and {G{\'o}mez Galera}, V. and R. Gonz{\'a}lez-Peinado and U. Gr{\"o}zinger and S. Grohnert and J. Gu{\`a}rdia and A. Guijarro and {De Guindos}, E. and J. Guti{\'e}rrez-Soto and Hagen, {H. J.} and Hauschildt, {P. H.} and Hedrosa, {R. P.} and J. Helmling and I. Hermelo and {Hern{\'a}ndez Arab{\'i}}, R. and {Hern{\'a}ndez Casta{\~n}o}, L. and {Hern{\'a}ndez Hernando}, F. and E. Herrero and A. Huber and P. Huke and E. Johnson and {De Juan}, E. and M. Kim and R. Klein and J. Kl{\"u}ter and A. Klutsch and M. Lafarga and M. Lamp{\'o}n and Lara, {L. M.} and W. Laun and U. Lemke and R. Lenzen and {L{\'o}pez Del Fresno}, M. and L{\'o}pez-Gonz{\'a}lez, {M. J.}",

year = "2018",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201731442",

language = "English",

volume = "609",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

}

Trifonov, T, Kürster, M, Zechmeister, M, Tal-Or, L, Caballero, JA, Quirrenbach, A, Amado, PJ, Ribas, I, Reiners, A, Reffert, S, Dreizler, S, Hatzes, AP, Kaminski, A, Launhardt, R, Henning, T, Montes, D, Béjar, VJS, Mundt, R, Pavlov, A, Schmitt, JHMM, Seifert, W, Morales, JC, Nowak, G, Jeffers, SV, Rodríguez-López, C, Del Burgo, C, Anglada-Escudé, G, López-Santiago, J, Mathar, RJ, Ammler-Von Eiff, M, Guenther, EW, Barrado, D, González Hernández, JI, Mancini, L, Stürmer, J, Abril, M, Aceituno, J, Alonso-Floriano, FJ, Antona, R, Anwand-Heerwart, H, Arroyo-Torres, B, Azzaro, M, Baroch, D, Bauer, FF, Becerril, S, Benítez, D, Berdiñas, ZM, Bergond, G, Blümcke, M, Brinkmöller, M, Cano, J, Cárdenas Vázquez, MC, Casal, E, Cifuentes, C, Claret, A, Colomé, J, Cortés-Contreras, M, Czesla, S, Díez-Alonso, E, Feiz, C, Fernández, M, Ferro, IM, Fuhrmeister, B, Galadí-Enríquez, D, Garcia-Piquer, A, García Vargas, ML, Gesa, L, Gómez Galera, V, González-Peinado, R, Grözinger, U, Grohnert, S, Guàrdia, J, Guijarro, A, De Guindos, E, Gutiérrez-Soto, J, Hagen, HJ, Hauschildt, PH, Hedrosa, RP, Helmling, J, Hermelo, I, Hernández Arabí, R, Hernández Castaño, L, Hernández Hernando, F, Herrero, E, Huber, A, Huke, P, Johnson, E, De Juan, E, Kim, M, Klein, R, Klüter, J, Klutsch, A, Lafarga, M, Lampón, M, Lara, LM, Laun, W, Lemke, U, Lenzen, R, López Del Fresno, M & López-González, MJ 2018, 'The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 609, A117. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731442

TY - JOUR

T1 - The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

AU - Trifonov, T.

AU - Kürster, M.

AU - Zechmeister, M.

AU - Tal-Or, L.

AU - Caballero, J. A.

AU - Quirrenbach, A.

AU - Amado, P. J.

AU - Ribas, I.

AU - Reiners, A.

AU - Reffert, S.

AU - Dreizler, S.

AU - Hatzes, A. P.

AU - Kaminski, A.

AU - Launhardt, R.

AU - Henning, Th

AU - Montes, D.

AU - Béjar, V. J.S.

AU - Mundt, R.

AU - Pavlov, A.

AU - Schmitt, J. H.M.M.

AU - Seifert, W.

AU - Morales, J. C.

AU - Nowak, G.

AU - Jeffers, S. V.

AU - Rodríguez-López, C.

AU - Del Burgo, C.

AU - Anglada-Escudé, G.

AU - López-Santiago, J.

AU - Mathar, R. J.

AU - Ammler-Von Eiff, M.

AU - Guenther, E. W.

AU - Barrado, D.

AU - González Hernández, J. I.

AU - Mancini, L.

AU - Stürmer, J.

AU - Abril, M.

AU - Aceituno, J.

AU - Alonso-Floriano, F. J.

AU - Antona, R.

AU - Anwand-Heerwart, H.

AU - Arroyo-Torres, B.

AU - Azzaro, M.

AU - Baroch, D.

AU - Bauer, F. F.

AU - Becerril, S.

AU - Benítez, D.

AU - Berdiñas, Z. M.

AU - Bergond, G.

AU - Blümcke, M.

AU - Brinkmöller, M.

AU - Cano, J.

AU - Cárdenas Vázquez, M. C.

AU - Casal, E.

AU - Cifuentes, C.

AU - Claret, A.

AU - Colomé, J.

AU - Cortés-Contreras, M.

AU - Czesla, S.

AU - Díez-Alonso, E.

AU - Feiz, C.

AU - Fernández, M.

AU - Ferro, I. M.

AU - Fuhrmeister, B.

AU - Galadí-Enríquez, D.

AU - Garcia-Piquer, A.

AU - García Vargas, M. L.

AU - Gesa, L.

AU - Gómez Galera, V.

AU - González-Peinado, R.

AU - Grözinger, U.

AU - Grohnert, S.

AU - Guàrdia, J.

AU - Guijarro, A.

AU - De Guindos, E.

AU - Gutiérrez-Soto, J.

AU - Hagen, H. J.

AU - Hauschildt, P. H.

AU - Hedrosa, R. P.

AU - Helmling, J.

AU - Hermelo, I.

AU - Hernández Arabí, R.

AU - Hernández Castaño, L.

AU - Hernández Hernando, F.

AU - Herrero, E.

AU - Huber, A.

AU - Huke, P.

AU - Johnson, E.

AU - De Juan, E.

AU - Kim, M.

AU - Klein, R.

AU - Klüter, J.

AU - Klutsch, A.

AU - Lafarga, M.

AU - Lampón, M.

AU - Lara, L. M.

AU - Laun, W.

AU - Lemke, U.

AU - Lenzen, R.

AU - López Del Fresno, M.

AU - López-González, M. J.

PY - 2018/1/1

Y1 - 2018/1/1

N2 - © ESO, 2018. Context. The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ 15 A, GJ 176, GJ 436, GJ 536 and GJ 1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ 581 and GJ 876). Aims. We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods. We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems were fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results. We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ 15 A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ 15 Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period (Pc = 7030-630+970 d) Saturn-mass (mcsini = 51.8M) planet around GJ 15 A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ 1148, for which we estimate a period Pc = 532.6 days, eccentricity ec = 0.342 and minimum mass mcsini = 68.1M. Conclusions. The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars.

AB - © ESO, 2018. Context. The main goal of the CARMENES survey is to find Earth-mass planets around nearby M-dwarf stars. Seven M dwarfs included in the CARMENES sample had been observed before with HIRES and HARPS and either were reported to have one short period planetary companion (GJ 15 A, GJ 176, GJ 436, GJ 536 and GJ 1148) or are multiple planetary systems (GJ 581 and GJ 876). Aims. We aim to report new precise optical radial velocity measurements for these planet hosts and test the overall capabilities of CARMENES. Methods. We combined our CARMENES precise Doppler measurements with those available from HIRES and HARPS and derived new orbital parameters for the systems. Bona-fide single planet systems were fitted with a Keplerian model. The multiple planet systems were analyzed using a self-consistent dynamical model and their best fit orbits were tested for long-term stability. Results. We confirm or provide supportive arguments for planets around all the investigated stars except for GJ 15 A, for which we find that the post-discovery HIRES data and our CARMENES data do not show a signal at 11.4 days. Although we cannot confirm the super-Earth planet GJ 15 Ab, we show evidence for a possible long-period (Pc = 7030-630+970 d) Saturn-mass (mcsini = 51.8M) planet around GJ 15 A. In addition, based on our CARMENES and HIRES data we discover a second planet around GJ 1148, for which we estimate a period Pc = 532.6 days, eccentricity ec = 0.342 and minimum mass mcsini = 68.1M. Conclusions. The CARMENES optical radial velocities have similar precision and overall scatter when compared to the Doppler measurements conducted with HARPS and HIRES. We conclude that CARMENES is an instrument that is up to the challenge of discovering rocky planets around low-mass stars.

KW - Planetary systems

KW - Planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability

KW - Stars: late-type

KW - Stars: low-mass

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201731442

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201731442

M3 - Article

VL - 609

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

SN - 0004-6361

M1 - A117

ER -

The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs: First visual-channel radial-velocity measurements and orbital parameter updates of seven M-dwarf planetary systems

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Keywords

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