The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration

S. Ansoldi; L. A. Antonelli; C. Arcaro; D. Baack; A. Babić; B. Banerjee; P. Bangale; U. Barres De Almeida; J. A. Barrio; J. Becerra González; W. Bednarek; E. Bernardini; R. Ch Berse; A. Berti; J. Besenrieder; W. Bhattacharyya; C. Bigongiari; A. Biland; O. Blanch; G. Bonnoli; R. Carosi; G. Ceribella; A. Chatterjee; S. M. Colak; P. Colin; E. Colombo; J. L. Contreras; J. Cortina; S. Covino; P. Cumani; V. D'Elia; P. Da Vela; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; B. De Lotto; M. Delfino; J. Delgado; F. Di Pierro; A. Domínguez; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; S. Einecke; D. Elsaesser; V. Fallah Ramazani; A. Fattorini; A. Fernández-Barral; G. Ferrara; D. Fidalgo; L. Foffano; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; C. Fruck; S. Gallozzi; R. J.García López; M. Garczarczyk; M. Gaug; P. Giammaria; N. Godinović; D. Guberman; D. Hadasch; A. Hahn; T. Hassan; M. Hayashida; J. Herrera; J. Hoang; D. Hrupec; S. Inoue; K. Ishio; Y. Iwamura; Y. Konno; H. Kubo; J. Kushida; A. Lamastra; D. Lelas; F. Leone; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; F. Longo; M. López; C. Maggio; P. Majumdar; M. Makariev; G. Maneva; M. Manganaro; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; M. Mariotti; M. Martínez; S. Masuda; D. Mazin; K. Mielke; M. Minev; J. M. Miranda; R. Mirzoyan; A. Moralejo; V. Moreno; E. Moretti; V. Neustroev; A. Niedzwiecki

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aad083

The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration

S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres De Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, R. Ch Berse, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. BonnoliR. Carosi, G. Ceribella, A. Chatterjee, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Cumani, V. D'Elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, A. Fernández-Barral, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, S. Gallozzi, R. J.García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinović, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, K. Mielke, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki

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Abstract

© 2018. The American Astronomical Society. A neutrino with energy ∼290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at ∼3σ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes for ∼41 hr from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of . The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal γγ absorption above ∼100 GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a ∼290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton upscattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet comoving frame can be in the range ∼1014 - 1018 eV.

Original language	English
Article number	L10
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	863
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad083
Publication status	Published - 10 Aug 2018

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056)
cosmic rays
galaxies: jets
gamma rays: galaxies
neutrinos
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

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10.3847/2041-8213/aad083

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Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., González, J. B., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berse, R. C., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., ... Niedzwiecki, A. (2018). The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 863(1), [L10]. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad083

@article{8414224392ac4a6aac77ed6f4b145e78,

title = "The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} 2018. The American Astronomical Society. A neutrino with energy ∼290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at ∼3σ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes for ∼41 hr from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of . The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal γγ absorption above ∼100 GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a ∼290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton upscattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet comoving frame can be in the range ∼1014 - 1018 eV.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056), cosmic rays, galaxies: jets, gamma rays: galaxies, neutrinos, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal",

author = "S. Ansoldi and Antonelli, {L. A.} and C. Arcaro and D. Baack and A. Babi{\'c} and B. Banerjee and P. Bangale and {Barres De Almeida}, U. and Barrio, {J. A.} and Gonz{\'a}lez, {J. Becerra} and W. Bednarek and E. Bernardini and Berse, {R. Ch} and A. Berti and J. Besenrieder and W. Bhattacharyya and C. Bigongiari and A. Biland and O. Blanch and G. Bonnoli and R. Carosi and G. Ceribella and A. Chatterjee and Colak, {S. M.} and P. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, {J. L.} and J. Cortina and S. Covino and P. Cumani and V. D'Elia and Vela, {P. Da} and F. Dazzi and Angelis, {A. De} and Lotto, {B. De} and M. Delfino and J. Delgado and Pierro, {F. Di} and A. Dom{\'i}nguez and Prester, {D. Dominis} and D. Dorner and M. Doro and S. Einecke and D. Elsaesser and Ramazani, {V. Fallah} and A. Fattorini and A. Fern{\'a}ndez-Barral and G. Ferrara and D. Fidalgo and L. Foffano and Fonseca, {M. V.} and L. Font and C. Fruck and S. Gallozzi and L{\'o}pez, {R. J.Garc{\'i}a} and M. Garczarczyk and M. Gaug and P. Giammaria and N. Godinovi{\'c} and D. Guberman and D. Hadasch and A. Hahn and T. Hassan and M. Hayashida and J. Herrera and J. Hoang and D. Hrupec and S. Inoue and K. Ishio and Y. Iwamura and Y. Konno and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and A. Lamastra and D. Lelas and F. Leone and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. L{\'o}pez and C. Maggio and P. Majumdar and M. Makariev and G. Maneva and M. Manganaro and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and S. Masuda and D. Mazin and K. Mielke and M. Minev and Miranda, {J. M.} and R. Mirzoyan and A. Moralejo and V. Moreno and E. Moretti and V. Neustroev and A. Niedzwiecki",

year = "2018",

month = aug,

day = "10",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/aad083",

language = "English",

volume = "863",

journal = "The astrophysical journal. Letters (Print)",

issn = "2041-8205",

number = "1",

}

Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, LA, Arcaro, C, Baack, D, Babić, A, Banerjee, B, Bangale, P, Barres De Almeida, U, Barrio, JA, González, JB, Bednarek, W, Bernardini, E, Berse, RC, Berti, A, Besenrieder, J, Bhattacharyya, W, Bigongiari, C, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bonnoli, G, Carosi, R, Ceribella, G, Chatterjee, A, Colak, SM, Colin, P, Colombo, E, Contreras, JL, Cortina, J, Covino, S, Cumani, P, D'Elia, V, Vela, PD, Dazzi, F, Angelis, AD, Lotto, BD, Delfino, M, Delgado, J, Pierro, FD, Domínguez, A, Prester, DD, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Einecke, S, Elsaesser, D, Ramazani, VF, Fattorini, A, Fernández-Barral, A, Ferrara, G, Fidalgo, D, Foffano, L, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, Fruck, C, Gallozzi, S, López, RJG, Garczarczyk, M, Gaug, M, Giammaria, P, Godinović, N, Guberman, D, Hadasch, D, Hahn, A, Hassan, T, Hayashida, M, Herrera, J, Hoang, J, Hrupec, D, Inoue, S, Ishio, K, Iwamura, Y, Konno, Y, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Lamastra, A, Lelas, D, Leone, F, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, Maggio, C, Majumdar, P, Makariev, M, Maneva, G, Manganaro, M, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Masuda, S, Mazin, D, Mielke, K, Minev, M, Miranda, JM, Mirzoyan, R, Moralejo, A, Moreno, V, Moretti, E, Neustroev, V & Niedzwiecki, A 2018, 'The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 863, no. 1, L10. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aad083

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Arcaro, C.

AU - Baack, D.

AU - Babić, A.

AU - Banerjee, B.

AU - Bangale, P.

AU - Barres De Almeida, U.

AU - Barrio, J. A.

AU - González, J. Becerra

AU - Bednarek, W.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Berse, R. Ch

AU - Berti, A.

AU - Besenrieder, J.

AU - Bhattacharyya, W.

AU - Bigongiari, C.

AU - Biland, A.

AU - Blanch, O.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Carosi, R.

AU - Ceribella, G.

AU - Chatterjee, A.

AU - Colak, S. M.

AU - Colin, P.

AU - Colombo, E.

AU - Contreras, J. L.

AU - Cortina, J.

AU - Covino, S.

AU - Cumani, P.

AU - D'Elia, V.

AU - Vela, P. Da

AU - Dazzi, F.

AU - Angelis, A. De

AU - Lotto, B. De

AU - Delfino, M.

AU - Delgado, J.

AU - Pierro, F. Di

AU - Domínguez, A.

AU - Prester, D. Dominis

AU - Dorner, D.

AU - Doro, M.

AU - Einecke, S.

AU - Elsaesser, D.

AU - Ramazani, V. Fallah

AU - Fattorini, A.

AU - Fernández-Barral, A.

AU - Ferrara, G.

AU - Fidalgo, D.

AU - Foffano, L.

AU - Fonseca, M. V.

AU - Font, L.

AU - Fruck, C.

AU - Gallozzi, S.

AU - López, R. J.García

AU - Garczarczyk, M.

AU - Gaug, M.

AU - Giammaria, P.

AU - Godinović, N.

AU - Guberman, D.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hahn, A.

AU - Hassan, T.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Herrera, J.

AU - Hoang, J.

AU - Hrupec, D.

AU - Inoue, S.

AU - Ishio, K.

AU - Iwamura, Y.

AU - Konno, Y.

AU - Kubo, H.

AU - Kushida, J.

AU - Lamastra, A.

AU - Lelas, D.

AU - Leone, F.

AU - Lindfors, E.

AU - Lombardi, S.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - López, M.

AU - Maggio, C.

AU - Majumdar, P.

AU - Makariev, M.

AU - Maneva, G.

AU - Manganaro, M.

AU - Mannheim, K.

AU - Maraschi, L.

AU - Mariotti, M.

AU - Martínez, M.

AU - Masuda, S.

AU - Mazin, D.

AU - Mielke, K.

AU - Minev, M.

AU - Miranda, J. M.

AU - Mirzoyan, R.

AU - Moralejo, A.

AU - Moreno, V.

AU - Moretti, E.

AU - Neustroev, V.

AU - Niedzwiecki, A.

PY - 2018/8/10

Y1 - 2018/8/10

N2 - © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. A neutrino with energy ∼290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at ∼3σ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes for ∼41 hr from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of . The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal γγ absorption above ∼100 GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a ∼290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton upscattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet comoving frame can be in the range ∼1014 - 1018 eV.

AB - © 2018. The American Astronomical Society. A neutrino with energy ∼290 TeV, IceCube-170922A, was detected in coincidence with the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056 during enhanced gamma-ray activity, with chance coincidence being rejected at ∼3σ level. We monitored the object in the very-high-energy (VHE) band with the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes for ∼41 hr from 1.3 to 40.4 days after the neutrino detection. Day-timescale variability is clearly resolved. We interpret the quasi-simultaneous neutrino and broadband electromagnetic observations with a novel one-zone lepto-hadronic model, based on interactions of electrons and protons co-accelerated in the jet with external photons originating from a slow-moving plasma sheath surrounding the faster jet spine. We can reproduce the multiwavelength spectra of TXS 0506+056 with neutrino rate and energy compatible with IceCube-170922A, and with plausible values for the jet power of . The steep spectrum observed by MAGIC is concordant with internal γγ absorption above ∼100 GeV entailed by photohadronic production of a ∼290 TeV neutrino, corroborating a genuine connection between the multi-messenger signals. In contrast to previous predictions of predominantly hadronic emission from neutrino sources, the gamma-rays can be mostly ascribed to inverse Compton upscattering of external photons by accelerated electrons. The X-ray and VHE bands provide crucial constraints on the emission from both accelerated electrons and protons. We infer that the maximum energy of protons in the jet comoving frame can be in the range ∼1014 - 1018 eV.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual (TXS 0506+056)

KW - cosmic rays

KW - galaxies: jets

KW - gamma rays: galaxies

KW - neutrinos

KW - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/aad083

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/aad083

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 863

JO - The astrophysical journal. Letters (Print)

JF - The astrophysical journal. Letters (Print)

IS - 1

M1 - L10

ER -

The Blazar TXS 0506+056 Associated with a High-energy Neutrino: Insights into Extragalactic Jets and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration

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Keywords

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