TY - JOUR
T1 - Spanish adaptation and validation of the Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S)
AU - Shankar-Krishnan, Nithya
AU - Penelo, Eva
AU - Fornieles Deu, Albert
AU - Sánchez-Carracedo, David
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - © The Authors 2018Â. Objective The present study aimed to assess the: (i) internal structure of the Spanish Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S) with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA); (ii) measurement invariance by gender, grade, weight status, socio-economic status (SES) and family affluence; and (iii) relationships with these external variables.Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. The CFSSM-S and other tools were employed to assess food insecurity, weight status, SES and family affluence, respectively.Setting A secondary school (grades 7-10) in the city of Terrassa in Catalonia, Spain.Subjects Participants included adolescent boys and girls (n 426) aged 12-17 years.Results The cross-validation design with EFA and CFA captured a single factor, 'food insecurity'. The goodness-of-fit for the one-factor model with CFA (root-mean-square error of approximation=0·038, comparative fit index=0·984, Tucker-Lewis index=0·979) and internal consistency (ω=0·95) were excellent. The measurement invariance indicated that CFSSM-S could be used across genders, grades, weight status, SES and family affluence. Only mean differences for SES and family affluence were found which showed a linear trend, indicating higher CFSSM-S scores for participants with lower SES and family affluence. Of participants, 1·9 % experienced very low food security, 16·4 % low food security and 81·7 % were food secure.Conclusions The CFSSM-S is the first validated instrument to assess food insecurity with psychometric guarantees in Spanish adolescents. Researchers and health practitioners in Spain could use this self-reported questionnaire to gain more information about adolescent health in relation to food insecurity.
AB - © The Authors 2018Â. Objective The present study aimed to assess the: (i) internal structure of the Spanish Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S) with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA); (ii) measurement invariance by gender, grade, weight status, socio-economic status (SES) and family affluence; and (iii) relationships with these external variables.Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. The CFSSM-S and other tools were employed to assess food insecurity, weight status, SES and family affluence, respectively.Setting A secondary school (grades 7-10) in the city of Terrassa in Catalonia, Spain.Subjects Participants included adolescent boys and girls (n 426) aged 12-17 years.Results The cross-validation design with EFA and CFA captured a single factor, 'food insecurity'. The goodness-of-fit for the one-factor model with CFA (root-mean-square error of approximation=0·038, comparative fit index=0·984, Tucker-Lewis index=0·979) and internal consistency (ω=0·95) were excellent. The measurement invariance indicated that CFSSM-S could be used across genders, grades, weight status, SES and family affluence. Only mean differences for SES and family affluence were found which showed a linear trend, indicating higher CFSSM-S scores for participants with lower SES and family affluence. Of participants, 1·9 % experienced very low food security, 16·4 % low food security and 81·7 % were food secure.Conclusions The CFSSM-S is the first validated instrument to assess food insecurity with psychometric guarantees in Spanish adolescents. Researchers and health practitioners in Spain could use this self-reported questionnaire to gain more information about adolescent health in relation to food insecurity.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Confirmatory factor analysis
KW - Cross-validation
KW - Food insecurity
KW - Measurement invariance
U2 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001672
DO - https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018001672
M3 - Article
C2 - 29996952
VL - 21
SP - 2753
EP - 2761
JO - Public Health Nutrition
JF - Public Health Nutrition
SN - 1368-9800
ER -