TY - JOUR
T1 - Spanish adaptation and validation of the Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S)
AU - Shankar-Krishnan, Nithya
AU - Penelo, Eva
AU - Fornieles-Deu, Albert
AU - Sánchez-Carracedo, David
N1 - Acknowledgements:
The authors would like to thank the Health and Community Services of the City Council of Terrassa and the Catalan Public Health Agency for facilitating access to the data sample. They are also grateful for the participation and support of the staff and students of the secondary school, IES Torre del Palau. Financial support: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Conflict of interest: N.S.K., E.P., A.F.D. and D.S.-C. declare no conflicts of interests. Authorship: D.S.-C., A.F.D. and N.S.K. contributed to the study design and data collection procedure. D.S.-C. and A.F.D. carried out the adaptation of the questionnaire into Spanish. E.P. and A.F.D. carried out the statistical analyses. N.S.K. wrote the paper supervised by D.S.-C. except the ‘Statistical analysis’ and ‘Results’ sections, which were written by E.P. and A.F.D. The drafts were reviewed by D.S.-C., E.P. and A.F.D. All authors consented to the final manuscript. Ethics of human subject participation: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the ethics committee of Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Written informed consent was obtained from both participants and parents of participants.
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - © The Authors 2018Â. Objective The present study aimed to assess the: (i) internal structure of the Spanish Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S) with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA); (ii) measurement invariance by gender, grade, weight status, socio-economic status (SES) and family affluence; and (iii) relationships with these external variables.Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. The CFSSM-S and other tools were employed to assess food insecurity, weight status, SES and family affluence, respectively.Setting A secondary school (grades 7-10) in the city of Terrassa in Catalonia, Spain.Subjects Participants included adolescent boys and girls (n 426) aged 12-17 years.Results The cross-validation design with EFA and CFA captured a single factor, 'food insecurity'. The goodness-of-fit for the one-factor model with CFA (root-mean-square error of approximation=0·038, comparative fit index=0·984, Tucker-Lewis index=0·979) and internal consistency (ω=0·95) were excellent. The measurement invariance indicated that CFSSM-S could be used across genders, grades, weight status, SES and family affluence. Only mean differences for SES and family affluence were found which showed a linear trend, indicating higher CFSSM-S scores for participants with lower SES and family affluence. Of participants, 1·9 % experienced very low food security, 16·4 % low food security and 81·7 % were food secure.Conclusions The CFSSM-S is the first validated instrument to assess food insecurity with psychometric guarantees in Spanish adolescents. Researchers and health practitioners in Spain could use this self-reported questionnaire to gain more information about adolescent health in relation to food insecurity.
AB - © The Authors 2018Â. Objective The present study aimed to assess the: (i) internal structure of the Spanish Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S) with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA); (ii) measurement invariance by gender, grade, weight status, socio-economic status (SES) and family affluence; and (iii) relationships with these external variables.Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. The CFSSM-S and other tools were employed to assess food insecurity, weight status, SES and family affluence, respectively.Setting A secondary school (grades 7-10) in the city of Terrassa in Catalonia, Spain.Subjects Participants included adolescent boys and girls (n 426) aged 12-17 years.Results The cross-validation design with EFA and CFA captured a single factor, 'food insecurity'. The goodness-of-fit for the one-factor model with CFA (root-mean-square error of approximation=0·038, comparative fit index=0·984, Tucker-Lewis index=0·979) and internal consistency (ω=0·95) were excellent. The measurement invariance indicated that CFSSM-S could be used across genders, grades, weight status, SES and family affluence. Only mean differences for SES and family affluence were found which showed a linear trend, indicating higher CFSSM-S scores for participants with lower SES and family affluence. Of participants, 1·9 % experienced very low food security, 16·4 % low food security and 81·7 % were food secure.Conclusions The CFSSM-S is the first validated instrument to assess food insecurity with psychometric guarantees in Spanish adolescents. Researchers and health practitioners in Spain could use this self-reported questionnaire to gain more information about adolescent health in relation to food insecurity.
KW - Adolescents
KW - Confirmatory factor analysis
KW - Cross-validation
KW - Food insecurity
KW - Measurement invariance
U2 - 10.1017/S1368980018001672
DO - 10.1017/S1368980018001672
M3 - Article
C2 - 29996952
SN - 1368-9800
VL - 21
SP - 2753
EP - 2761
JO - Public Health Nutrition
JF - Public Health Nutrition
IS - 15
ER -