Sonochemical coating of Prussian Blue for the production of smart bacterial-sensing hospital textiles

In healthcare facilities, environmental microbes are responsible for numerous infections leading to patient's health complications and even death. The detection of the pathogens present on contaminated surfaces is crucial, although not always possible with current microbial detection technologies requiring sample collection and transfer to the laboratory. Based on a simple sonochemical coating process, smart hospital fabrics with the capacity to detect live bacteria by a simple change of colour are presented here. Prussian Blue nanoparticles (PB-NPs) are sonochemically coated on polyester-cotton textiles in a single-step requiring 15 min. The presence of PB-NPs confers the textile with an intensive blue colour and with bacterial-sensing capacity. Live bacteria in the textile metabolize PB-NPs and reduce them to colourless Prussian White (PW), enabling in situ detection of bacterial presence in less than 6 h with the bare eye (complete colour change requires 40 h). The smart textile is sensitive to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, responsible for most nosocomial infections. The redox reaction is completely reversible and the textile recovers its initial blue colour by re-oxidation with environmental oxygen, enabling its re-use. Due to its simplicity and versatility, the current technology can be employed in different types of materials for control and prevention of microbial infections in hospitals, industries, schools and at home.