Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions :: a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis

Luciana Díaz-Cutraro; Marina Verdaguer-Rodríguez; Helena García-Mieres; Marta Ferrer-Quintero; Raquel López-Carrilero; Carolina Palma-Sevillano; Maria Lamarca; Victoria Espinosa; María Luisa Barrigón; Fermín González-Higueras; Esther Pousa; Eva Grasa; Ester Lorente-Rovira; Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes; Ana Barajas Vélez; Isabel Ruiz-Delgado; Jordi Cid Colom; Steffen Moritz; Julia Rico; Julia Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones; Susana Ochoa

doi:10.1038/s41537-025-00579-0

Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions : a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis

Luciana Díaz-Cutraro, Marina Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Helena García-Mieres, Marta Ferrer-Quintero, Raquel López-Carrilero, Carolina Palma-Sevillano, Maria Lamarca, Victoria Espinosa, María Luisa Barrigón, Fermín González-Higueras, Esther Pousa, Eva Grasa, Ester Lorente-Rovira, Alfonso Gutiérrez-Zotes, Ana Barajas Vélez, Isabel Ruiz-Delgado, Jordi Cid Colom, Steffen Moritz, Julia Rico, Julia Sevilla-Llewellyn-JonesSusana Ochoa

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias is a hallmark cognitive bias in psychosis that involves hasty decision-making with limited evidence. Previous research has shown links between JTC and neurocognitive (NC), social cognitive (SC), metacognitive (MC), and clinical (CV) variables, but sex-based differences in these relationships remain understudied. This multicenter cross-sectional study included 121 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from nine Spanish mental health centers. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments of JTC, SC, NC, MC, and CV, and the interaction between JTC and sex was analysed. JTC-women attributed negative causes of events to themselves more often than non-JTC women and men, while JTC-men displayed more cognitive rigidity, slower processing speed, and better self-esteem compared to their non-JTC counterparts. Non-JTC-women showed better verbal memory recall. Logistic regression revealed distinct predictors for JTC by sex: women were influenced by negative internalization of events and visuospatial speed, while men's JTC was linked to errors in executive functions and memory. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific patterns in JTC and suggest that women might benefit from interventions targeting reflective thinking and social cognition, whereas men may need neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies.

Original language	English
Article number	60
Number of pages	14
Journal	Schizophrenia
Volume	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-025-00579-0
Publication status	Published - 12 Apr 2025

Keywords

Psychiatric disorders
Psychosis
Schizophrenia
1st episode
Ideation
Metacognition
Gender-differences
Syndrome scale panss
Population
Delusional experiences
Psychometric properties
Adaptation

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Cite this

Díaz-Cutraro, L., Verdaguer-Rodríguez, M., García-Mieres, H., Ferrer-Quintero, M., López-Carrilero, R., Palma-Sevillano, C., Lamarca, M., Espinosa, V., Barrigón, M. L., González-Higueras, F., Pousa, E., Grasa, E., Lorente-Rovira, E., Gutiérrez-Zotes, A., Barajas Vélez, A., Ruiz-Delgado, I., Cid Colom, J., Moritz, S., Rico, J., ... Ochoa, S. (2025). Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions : a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis. Schizophrenia, 11, Article 60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-025-00579-0

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title = "Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions :: a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis",

abstract = "Jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias is a hallmark cognitive bias in psychosis that involves hasty decision-making with limited evidence. Previous research has shown links between JTC and neurocognitive (NC), social cognitive (SC), metacognitive (MC), and clinical (CV) variables, but sex-based differences in these relationships remain understudied. This multicenter cross-sectional study included 121 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from nine Spanish mental health centers. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments of JTC, SC, NC, MC, and CV, and the interaction between JTC and sex was analysed. JTC-women attributed negative causes of events to themselves more often than non-JTC women and men, while JTC-men displayed more cognitive rigidity, slower processing speed, and better self-esteem compared to their non-JTC counterparts. Non-JTC-women showed better verbal memory recall. Logistic regression revealed distinct predictors for JTC by sex: women were influenced by negative internalization of events and visuospatial speed, while men's JTC was linked to errors in executive functions and memory. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific patterns in JTC and suggest that women might benefit from interventions targeting reflective thinking and social cognition, whereas men may need neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies.",

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Díaz-Cutraro, L, Verdaguer-Rodríguez, M, García-Mieres, H, Ferrer-Quintero, M, López-Carrilero, R, Palma-Sevillano, C, Lamarca, M, Espinosa, V, Barrigón, ML, González-Higueras, F, Pousa, E, Grasa, E, Lorente-Rovira, E, Gutiérrez-Zotes, A, Barajas Vélez, A, Ruiz-Delgado, I, Cid Colom, J, Moritz, S, Rico, J, Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, J & Ochoa, S 2025, 'Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions : a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis', Schizophrenia, vol. 11, 60. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-025-00579-0

TY - JOUR

T1 - Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions :

T2 - a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis

AU - Díaz-Cutraro, Luciana

AU - Verdaguer-Rodríguez, Marina

AU - García-Mieres, Helena

AU - Ferrer-Quintero, Marta

AU - López-Carrilero, Raquel

AU - Palma-Sevillano, Carolina

AU - Lamarca, Maria

AU - Espinosa, Victoria

AU - Barrigón, María Luisa

AU - González-Higueras, Fermín

AU - Pousa, Esther

AU - Grasa, Eva

AU - Lorente-Rovira, Ester

AU - Gutiérrez-Zotes, Alfonso

AU - Barajas Vélez, Ana

AU - Ruiz-Delgado, Isabel

AU - Cid Colom, Jordi

AU - Moritz, Steffen

AU - Rico, Julia

AU - Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, Julia

AU - Ochoa, Susana

PY - 2025/4/12

Y1 - 2025/4/12

N2 - Jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias is a hallmark cognitive bias in psychosis that involves hasty decision-making with limited evidence. Previous research has shown links between JTC and neurocognitive (NC), social cognitive (SC), metacognitive (MC), and clinical (CV) variables, but sex-based differences in these relationships remain understudied. This multicenter cross-sectional study included 121 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from nine Spanish mental health centers. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments of JTC, SC, NC, MC, and CV, and the interaction between JTC and sex was analysed. JTC-women attributed negative causes of events to themselves more often than non-JTC women and men, while JTC-men displayed more cognitive rigidity, slower processing speed, and better self-esteem compared to their non-JTC counterparts. Non-JTC-women showed better verbal memory recall. Logistic regression revealed distinct predictors for JTC by sex: women were influenced by negative internalization of events and visuospatial speed, while men's JTC was linked to errors in executive functions and memory. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific patterns in JTC and suggest that women might benefit from interventions targeting reflective thinking and social cognition, whereas men may need neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies.

AB - Jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias is a hallmark cognitive bias in psychosis that involves hasty decision-making with limited evidence. Previous research has shown links between JTC and neurocognitive (NC), social cognitive (SC), metacognitive (MC), and clinical (CV) variables, but sex-based differences in these relationships remain understudied. This multicenter cross-sectional study included 121 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients from nine Spanish mental health centers. Participants underwent comprehensive assessments of JTC, SC, NC, MC, and CV, and the interaction between JTC and sex was analysed. JTC-women attributed negative causes of events to themselves more often than non-JTC women and men, while JTC-men displayed more cognitive rigidity, slower processing speed, and better self-esteem compared to their non-JTC counterparts. Non-JTC-women showed better verbal memory recall. Logistic regression revealed distinct predictors for JTC by sex: women were influenced by negative internalization of events and visuospatial speed, while men's JTC was linked to errors in executive functions and memory. These results highlight the importance of sex-specific patterns in JTC and suggest that women might benefit from interventions targeting reflective thinking and social cognition, whereas men may need neurocognitive rehabilitation strategies.

KW - Psychiatric disorders

KW - Psychosis

KW - Schizophrenia

KW - 1st episode

KW - Ideation

KW - Metacognition

KW - Gender-differences

KW - Syndrome scale panss

KW - Population

KW - Delusional experiences

KW - Psychometric properties

KW - Adaptation

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105003399299

U2 - 10.1038/s41537-025-00579-0

DO - 10.1038/s41537-025-00579-0

M3 - Article

C2 - 40221473

SN - 2754-6993

VL - 11

JO - Schizophrenia

JF - Schizophrenia

M1 - 60

ER -

Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions : a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis

Abstract

Keywords

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BENEFICIOS DE COMBINAR EL ENTRENAMIENTO METACOGNITIVO (EMC) CON LA REHABILITACION COGNITIVA (RC) EN LA RECUPERACION DE PACIENTES CON TRASTORNOS DEL ESPECTRO PSICOTICO

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Sex-based differences in jumping to conclusions : a multidimensional analysis of first-episode psychosis

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

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BENEFICIOS DE COMBINAR EL ENTRENAMIENTO METACOGNITIVO (EMC) CON LA REHABILITACION COGNITIVA (RC) EN LA RECUPERACION DE PACIENTES CON TRASTORNOS DEL ESPECTRO PSICOTICO

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