Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes

M. L. Ahnen; S. Ansoldi; L. A. Antonelli; C. Arcaro; A. Babić; B. Banerjee; P. Bangale; U. Barres de Almeida; J. A. Barrio; J. Becerra González; W. Bednarek; E. Bernardini; A. Berti; W. Bhattacharyya; B. Biasuzzi; A. Biland; O. Blanch; S. Bonnefoy; G. Bonnoli; R. Carosi; A. Carosi; A. Chatterjee; P. Colin; E. Colombo; J. L. Contreras; J. Cortina; S. Covino; P. Cumani; P. Da Vela; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; B. De Lotto; E. de Oña Wilhelmi; F. Di Pierro; M. Doert; A. Domínguez; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; S. Einecke; D. Eisenacher Glawion; D. Elsaesser; M. Engelkemeier; V. Fallah Ramazani; A. Fernández-Barral; D. Fidalgo; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; C. Fruck; D. Galindo; R. J. García López; M. Garczarczyk; M. Gaug; P. Giammaria; N. Godinović; D. Gora; D. Guberman; D. Hadasch; A. Hahn; T. Hassan; M. Hayashida; J. Herrera; J. Hose; D. Hrupec; K. Ishio; Y. Konno; H. Kubo; J. Kushida; D. Kuveždić; D. Lelas; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; F. Longo; M. López; C. Maggio; P. Majumdar; M. Makariev; G. Maneva; M. Manganaro; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; M. Mariotti; M. Martínez; D. Mazin; U. Menzel; M. Minev; R. Mirzoyan; A. Moralejo; V. Moreno; E. Moretti; V. Neustroev; A. Niedzwiecki; M. Nievas Rosillo; K. Nilsson; D. Ninci; K. Nishijima; K. Noda; L. Nogués; S. Paiano; J. Palacio

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2087

Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes

M. L. Ahnen, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, C. Arcaro, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Biasuzzi, A. Biland, O. Blanch, S. Bonnefoy, G. Bonnoli, R. CarosiA. Carosi, A. Chatterjee, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, P. Cumani, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, F. Di Pierro, M. Doert, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Eisenacher Glawion, D. Elsaesser, M. Engelkemeier, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fernández-Barral, D. Fidalgo, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinović, D. Gora, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, M. Hayashida, J. Herrera, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, K. Ishio, Y. Konno, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuveždić, D. Lelas, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, U. Menzel, M. Minev, R. Mirzoyan, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, V. Neustroev, A. Niedzwiecki, M. Nievas Rosillo, K. Nilsson, D. Ninci, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, L. Nogués, S. Paiano, J. Palacio

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Research › peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

© 2017 The Authors. The microquasar Cygnus X-1 displays the two typical soft and hard X-ray states of a black hole transient. During the latter, Cygnus X-1 shows a one-sided relativistic radio-jet. Recent detection of the system in the high energy (HE; E ≳ 60 MeV) gamma-ray range with Fermi- LAT associates this emission with the outflow. Former MAGIC observations revealed a hint of flaring activity in the very high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 100 GeV) regime during this X-ray state. We analyse ~97 h of Cygnus X-1 data taken with the MAGIC telescopes between July 2007 and October 2014. To shed light on the correlation between hard X-ray and VHE gamma rays as previously suggested, we study each main X-ray state separately. We perform an orbital phase-folded analysis to look for variability in the VHE band. Additionally, to place this variability behaviour in a multiwavelength context, we compare our results with Fermi-LAT, AGILE, Swift-BAT, MAXI, RXTE-ASM, AMI and RATAN-600 data. We do not detect Cygnus X-1 in the VHE regime. We establish upper limits for each X-ray state, assuming a power-law distribution with photon index Γ = 3.2. For steady emission in the hard and soft X-ray states, we set integral upper limits at 95 per cent confidence level for energies above 200 GeV at 2.6 × 10-12 photons cm-2 s-1 and 1.0 × 10-11 photons cm-2 s-1, respectively. We rule out steady VHE gamma-ray emission above this energy range, at the level of theMAGIC sensitivity, originating in the interaction between the relativistic jet and the surrounding medium, while the emission above this flux level produced inside the binary still remains a valid possibility.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	3474-3485
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	472
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2087
Publication status	Published - 1 Jan 2017

Keywords

Binaries: general
CygX-1)
Gamma rays: general -X-rays: binaries
Stars: black holes
Stars: individual: (HD 226868)
X-rays: individual: (Cygnus X-1

Access to Document

10.1093/mnras/stx2087

Cite this

Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arcaro, C., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres de Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Bhattacharyya, W., Biasuzzi, B., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnefoy, S., Bonnoli, G., ... Palacio, J. (2017). Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 472(3), 3474-3485. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2087

@article{270c74a7d67847fe8c313b4ffacd1334,

title = "Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors. The microquasar Cygnus X-1 displays the two typical soft and hard X-ray states of a black hole transient. During the latter, Cygnus X-1 shows a one-sided relativistic radio-jet. Recent detection of the system in the high energy (HE; E ≳ 60 MeV) gamma-ray range with Fermi- LAT associates this emission with the outflow. Former MAGIC observations revealed a hint of flaring activity in the very high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 100 GeV) regime during this X-ray state. We analyse ~97 h of Cygnus X-1 data taken with the MAGIC telescopes between July 2007 and October 2014. To shed light on the correlation between hard X-ray and VHE gamma rays as previously suggested, we study each main X-ray state separately. We perform an orbital phase-folded analysis to look for variability in the VHE band. Additionally, to place this variability behaviour in a multiwavelength context, we compare our results with Fermi-LAT, AGILE, Swift-BAT, MAXI, RXTE-ASM, AMI and RATAN-600 data. We do not detect Cygnus X-1 in the VHE regime. We establish upper limits for each X-ray state, assuming a power-law distribution with photon index Γ = 3.2. For steady emission in the hard and soft X-ray states, we set integral upper limits at 95 per cent confidence level for energies above 200 GeV at 2.6 × 10-12 photons cm-2 s-1 and 1.0 × 10-11 photons cm-2 s-1, respectively. We rule out steady VHE gamma-ray emission above this energy range, at the level of theMAGIC sensitivity, originating in the interaction between the relativistic jet and the surrounding medium, while the emission above this flux level produced inside the binary still remains a valid possibility.",

keywords = "Binaries: general, CygX-1), Gamma rays: general -X-rays: binaries, Stars: black holes, Stars: individual: (HD 226868), X-rays: individual: (Cygnus X-1",

author = "Ahnen, {M. L.} and S. Ansoldi and Antonelli, {L. A.} and C. Arcaro and A. Babi{\'c} and B. Banerjee and P. Bangale and {Barres de Almeida}, U. and Barrio, {J. A.} and {Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez}, J. and W. Bednarek and E. Bernardini and A. Berti and W. Bhattacharyya and B. Biasuzzi and A. Biland and O. Blanch and S. Bonnefoy and G. Bonnoli and R. Carosi and A. Carosi and A. Chatterjee and P. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, {J. L.} and J. Cortina and S. Covino and P. Cumani and {Da Vela}, P. and F. Dazzi and {De Angelis}, A. and {De Lotto}, B. and {de O{\~n}a Wilhelmi}, E. and {Di Pierro}, F. and M. Doert and A. Dom{\'i}nguez and {Dominis Prester}, D. and D. Dorner and M. Doro and S. Einecke and {Eisenacher Glawion}, D. and D. Elsaesser and M. Engelkemeier and {Fallah Ramazani}, V. and A. Fern{\'a}ndez-Barral and D. Fidalgo and Fonseca, {M. V.} and L. Font and C. Fruck and D. Galindo and {Garc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez}, {R. J.} and M. Garczarczyk and M. Gaug and P. Giammaria and N. Godinovi{\'c} and D. Gora and D. Guberman and D. Hadasch and A. Hahn and T. Hassan and M. Hayashida and J. Herrera and J. Hose and D. Hrupec and K. Ishio and Y. Konno and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and D. Kuve{\v z}di{\'c} and D. Lelas and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. L{\'o}pez and C. Maggio and P. Majumdar and M. Makariev and G. Maneva and M. Manganaro and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and D. Mazin and U. Menzel and M. Minev and R. Mirzoyan and A. Moralejo and V. Moreno and E. Moretti and V. Neustroev and A. Niedzwiecki and {Nievas Rosillo}, M. and K. Nilsson and D. Ninci and K. Nishijima and K. Noda and L. Nogu{\'e}s and S. Paiano and J. Palacio",

year = "2017",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stx2087",

language = "English",

volume = "472",

pages = "3474--3485",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

number = "3",

}

Ahnen, ML, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, LA, Arcaro, C, Babić, A, Banerjee, B, Bangale, P, Barres de Almeida, U, Barrio, JA, Becerra González, J, Bednarek, W, Bernardini, E, Berti, A, Bhattacharyya, W, Biasuzzi, B, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bonnefoy, S, Bonnoli, G, Carosi, R, Carosi, A, Chatterjee, A, Colin, P, Colombo, E, Contreras, JL, Cortina, J, Covino, S, Cumani, P, Da Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Lotto, B, de Oña Wilhelmi, E, Di Pierro, F, Doert, M, Domínguez, A, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Einecke, S, Eisenacher Glawion, D, Elsaesser, D, Engelkemeier, M, Fallah Ramazani, V, Fernández-Barral, A, Fidalgo, D, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, Fruck, C, Galindo, D, García López, RJ, Garczarczyk, M, Gaug, M, Giammaria, P, Godinović, N, Gora, D, Guberman, D, Hadasch, D, Hahn, A, Hassan, T, Hayashida, M, Herrera, J, Hose, J, Hrupec, D, Ishio, K, Konno, Y, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Kuveždić, D, Lelas, D, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, Maggio, C, Majumdar, P, Makariev, M, Maneva, G, Manganaro, M, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Mazin, D, Menzel, U, Minev, M, Mirzoyan, R, Moralejo, A, Moreno, V, Moretti, E, Neustroev, V, Niedzwiecki, A, Nievas Rosillo, M, Nilsson, K, Ninci, D, Nishijima, K, Noda, K, Nogués, L, Paiano, S & Palacio, J 2017, 'Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 472, no. 3, pp. 3474-3485. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2087

TY - JOUR

T1 - Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes

AU - Ahnen, M. L.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Arcaro, C.

AU - Babić, A.

AU - Banerjee, B.

AU - Bangale, P.

AU - Barres de Almeida, U.

AU - Barrio, J. A.

AU - Becerra González, J.

AU - Bednarek, W.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Berti, A.

AU - Bhattacharyya, W.

AU - Biasuzzi, B.

AU - Biland, A.

AU - Blanch, O.

AU - Bonnefoy, S.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Carosi, R.

AU - Carosi, A.

AU - Chatterjee, A.

AU - Colin, P.

AU - Colombo, E.

AU - Contreras, J. L.

AU - Cortina, J.

AU - Covino, S.

AU - Cumani, P.

AU - Da Vela, P.

AU - Dazzi, F.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Lotto, B.

AU - de Oña Wilhelmi, E.

AU - Di Pierro, F.

AU - Doert, M.

AU - Domínguez, A.

AU - Dominis Prester, D.

AU - Dorner, D.

AU - Doro, M.

AU - Einecke, S.

AU - Eisenacher Glawion, D.

AU - Elsaesser, D.

AU - Engelkemeier, M.

AU - Fallah Ramazani, V.

AU - Fernández-Barral, A.

AU - Fidalgo, D.

AU - Fonseca, M. V.

AU - Font, L.

AU - Fruck, C.

AU - Galindo, D.

AU - García López, R. J.

AU - Garczarczyk, M.

AU - Gaug, M.

AU - Giammaria, P.

AU - Godinović, N.

AU - Gora, D.

AU - Guberman, D.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hahn, A.

AU - Hassan, T.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Herrera, J.

AU - Hose, J.

AU - Hrupec, D.

AU - Ishio, K.

AU - Konno, Y.

AU - Kubo, H.

AU - Kushida, J.

AU - Kuveždić, D.

AU - Lelas, D.

AU - Lindfors, E.

AU - Lombardi, S.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - López, M.

AU - Maggio, C.

AU - Majumdar, P.

AU - Makariev, M.

AU - Maneva, G.

AU - Manganaro, M.

AU - Mannheim, K.

AU - Maraschi, L.

AU - Mariotti, M.

AU - Martínez, M.

AU - Mazin, D.

AU - Menzel, U.

AU - Minev, M.

AU - Mirzoyan, R.

AU - Moralejo, A.

AU - Moreno, V.

AU - Moretti, E.

AU - Neustroev, V.

AU - Niedzwiecki, A.

AU - Nievas Rosillo, M.

AU - Nilsson, K.

AU - Ninci, D.

AU - Nishijima, K.

AU - Noda, K.

AU - Nogués, L.

AU - Paiano, S.

AU - Palacio, J.

PY - 2017/1/1

Y1 - 2017/1/1

N2 - © 2017 The Authors. The microquasar Cygnus X-1 displays the two typical soft and hard X-ray states of a black hole transient. During the latter, Cygnus X-1 shows a one-sided relativistic radio-jet. Recent detection of the system in the high energy (HE; E ≳ 60 MeV) gamma-ray range with Fermi- LAT associates this emission with the outflow. Former MAGIC observations revealed a hint of flaring activity in the very high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 100 GeV) regime during this X-ray state. We analyse ~97 h of Cygnus X-1 data taken with the MAGIC telescopes between July 2007 and October 2014. To shed light on the correlation between hard X-ray and VHE gamma rays as previously suggested, we study each main X-ray state separately. We perform an orbital phase-folded analysis to look for variability in the VHE band. Additionally, to place this variability behaviour in a multiwavelength context, we compare our results with Fermi-LAT, AGILE, Swift-BAT, MAXI, RXTE-ASM, AMI and RATAN-600 data. We do not detect Cygnus X-1 in the VHE regime. We establish upper limits for each X-ray state, assuming a power-law distribution with photon index Γ = 3.2. For steady emission in the hard and soft X-ray states, we set integral upper limits at 95 per cent confidence level for energies above 200 GeV at 2.6 × 10-12 photons cm-2 s-1 and 1.0 × 10-11 photons cm-2 s-1, respectively. We rule out steady VHE gamma-ray emission above this energy range, at the level of theMAGIC sensitivity, originating in the interaction between the relativistic jet and the surrounding medium, while the emission above this flux level produced inside the binary still remains a valid possibility.

AB - © 2017 The Authors. The microquasar Cygnus X-1 displays the two typical soft and hard X-ray states of a black hole transient. During the latter, Cygnus X-1 shows a one-sided relativistic radio-jet. Recent detection of the system in the high energy (HE; E ≳ 60 MeV) gamma-ray range with Fermi- LAT associates this emission with the outflow. Former MAGIC observations revealed a hint of flaring activity in the very high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 100 GeV) regime during this X-ray state. We analyse ~97 h of Cygnus X-1 data taken with the MAGIC telescopes between July 2007 and October 2014. To shed light on the correlation between hard X-ray and VHE gamma rays as previously suggested, we study each main X-ray state separately. We perform an orbital phase-folded analysis to look for variability in the VHE band. Additionally, to place this variability behaviour in a multiwavelength context, we compare our results with Fermi-LAT, AGILE, Swift-BAT, MAXI, RXTE-ASM, AMI and RATAN-600 data. We do not detect Cygnus X-1 in the VHE regime. We establish upper limits for each X-ray state, assuming a power-law distribution with photon index Γ = 3.2. For steady emission in the hard and soft X-ray states, we set integral upper limits at 95 per cent confidence level for energies above 200 GeV at 2.6 × 10-12 photons cm-2 s-1 and 1.0 × 10-11 photons cm-2 s-1, respectively. We rule out steady VHE gamma-ray emission above this energy range, at the level of theMAGIC sensitivity, originating in the interaction between the relativistic jet and the surrounding medium, while the emission above this flux level produced inside the binary still remains a valid possibility.

KW - Binaries: general

KW - CygX-1)

KW - Gamma rays: general -X-rays: binaries

KW - Stars: black holes

KW - Stars: individual: (HD 226868)

KW - X-rays: individual: (Cygnus X-1

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stx2087

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stx2087

M3 - Article

VL - 472

SP - 3474

EP - 3485

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

SN - 0035-8711

IS - 3

ER -

Search for very high-energy gamma-ray emission from the microquasar Cygnus X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this