Science and technology policy for a medium-sized industrial country: The case of Spain

An analysis of science and technology policy reforms in Spain, using as a general framework the four core functions of Kline and Kash climate setting, surveying, co-ordinating and gap filling - led to some policy proposals. It is time for a second wave of reforms involving: removing constraints on the mobility of researchers and the flow of private resources to public institutions; decentralising policy setting and management to regions and industry associations; developing a professional pool of S&T analysts within the administration directly accountable to political officials; integrating quality teams in larger structures and disseminating resources to enterprises with the potential to engage in small-scale innovations.