TY - JOUR
T1 - Safety of ornithine phenylacetate in cirrhotic decompensated patients: An open-label, dose-escalating, single-cohort study
AU - Ventura-Cots, Meritxell
AU - Arranz, José A.
AU - Simón-Talero, Macarena
AU - Torrens, Maria
AU - Blanco, Albert
AU - Riudor, Encarnació
AU - Fuentes, Inma
AU - Suñé, Pilar
AU - Soriano, German
AU - Córdoba, Juan
PY - 2013/11/1
Y1 - 2013/11/1
N2 - AIMS:: Confirm in patients with cirrhosis and gastrointestinal bleeding the safety of ornithine phenylacetate (OP) and assess the pharmacokinetic profile of OP and its effects on plasma ammonia. BACKGROUND:: OP is a drug that has shown experimentally to decrease hyperammonemia and improve hepatic encephalopathy. OP is safe in healthy subjects and in stable patients with cirrhosis, but there are no data in decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS:: We performed a study to assess safety and tolerance of OP in cirrhotic patients after an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Ten patients were included within 24 hours of an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. OP was administered as a continuous infusion up to a maximum of 10 g/24 h (0.42 g/h) for 5 days. The infusion was started at 33% of the target dose and increased at 12-hour intervals achieving target dose at 24 hours. Ammonia was also assessed in control group of 10 patients. RESULTS:: No severe adverse events were observed. Mild adverse events were reported in 4 patients. Plasma ammonia (baseline: 80±43 μmol/L) showed a progressive drop between baseline and 36 hours (42±15 μmol/L), 72 hours (44±15 μmol/L), 96 hours (40±24 μmol/L), and 120 hours (33±14 μmol/L). Plasma ammonia at 24 hours was significantly higher in the control group. Plasma glutamine showed a significant decrease (-37% at day 5) and its excretion in urine as phenylacetylglutamine, a progressive rise (52±35 mmol at day 5). CONCLUSIONS:: OP is a safe and well-tolerated drug in decompensated cirrhotics that may decrease plasma ammonia by inducing its appearance as phenylacetylglutamine in urine. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
AB - AIMS:: Confirm in patients with cirrhosis and gastrointestinal bleeding the safety of ornithine phenylacetate (OP) and assess the pharmacokinetic profile of OP and its effects on plasma ammonia. BACKGROUND:: OP is a drug that has shown experimentally to decrease hyperammonemia and improve hepatic encephalopathy. OP is safe in healthy subjects and in stable patients with cirrhosis, but there are no data in decompensated cirrhosis. METHODS:: We performed a study to assess safety and tolerance of OP in cirrhotic patients after an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Ten patients were included within 24 hours of an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. OP was administered as a continuous infusion up to a maximum of 10 g/24 h (0.42 g/h) for 5 days. The infusion was started at 33% of the target dose and increased at 12-hour intervals achieving target dose at 24 hours. Ammonia was also assessed in control group of 10 patients. RESULTS:: No severe adverse events were observed. Mild adverse events were reported in 4 patients. Plasma ammonia (baseline: 80±43 μmol/L) showed a progressive drop between baseline and 36 hours (42±15 μmol/L), 72 hours (44±15 μmol/L), 96 hours (40±24 μmol/L), and 120 hours (33±14 μmol/L). Plasma ammonia at 24 hours was significantly higher in the control group. Plasma glutamine showed a significant decrease (-37% at day 5) and its excretion in urine as phenylacetylglutamine, a progressive rise (52±35 mmol at day 5). CONCLUSIONS:: OP is a safe and well-tolerated drug in decompensated cirrhotics that may decrease plasma ammonia by inducing its appearance as phenylacetylglutamine in urine. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KW - ammonia
KW - cirrhosis
KW - hepatic encephalopathy
KW - ornithine phenylacetate
KW - upper gastrointestinal bleeding
U2 - 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318299c789
DO - 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318299c789
M3 - Article
VL - 47
SP - 881
EP - 887
JO - Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
JF - Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
SN - 0192-0790
IS - 10
ER -