¿Restauración o mercantilización? : La protección de la biodiversidad en los Pactos Verdes de la Unión Europea y Estados Unidos

This article explores the legal protection of biodiversity at the international, European, and United States levels, to evaluate whether the approaches adopted prioritize genuine restoration of nature or could continue to promote dynamics of commodification of natural resources. Thus, the biodiversity protection regime is analyzed both in the context of international law and within the frameworks established by the European Green Deal and the United States' Green New Deal. This includes an analysis, among others, of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the EU Regulation on Nature Restoration, as well as the Nature-Based Solutions Roadmap and the Guide for Assessing Changes in Environmental and Ecosystem Services in the Cost-Benefit Analysis of the United States. The Green Deals, while proposing ecosystem restoration, combines public investments with the incentive of green markets, reflecting continuity with the current expansive growth economic model. To effectively address the climate and biodiversity crisis, the Green Deals should commit not only to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions but also to the reduction of the extraction and consumption of natural resources, to ensure nature's ability to sustain life on the planet.