@article{a8a0cd4413444dd2a0461a1777c694d7,
title = "Rates of cardiovascular disease following smoking cessation in patients with HIV infection: Results from the D:A:D study",
abstract = "Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events after stopping smoking in patients with HIV infection. Methods: Patients who reported smoking status and no previous CVD prior to enrolment in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study were included in this study. Smoking status is collected at each visit as current smoker (yes/no) and ever smoker (yes/no). Time since stopping smoking was calculated for persons who had reported current smoking during follow-up and no current smoking subsequently. Endpoints were: myocardial infarction (MI); coronary heart disease (CHD: MI plus invasive coronary artery procedure or death from other CHD); CVD (CHD plus carotid artery endarterectomy or stroke); and all-cause mortality. Event rates were calculated for never, previous and current smokers, and smokers who stopped during follow-up. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were determined using Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, cohort, calendar year, family history of CVD, diabetes, lipids, blood pressure and antiretroviral treatment. Results: A total of 27136 patients had smoking status reported, with totals of 432, 600, 746 and 1902 MI, CHD, CVD and mortality events, respectively. The adjusted IRR of CVD in patients who stopped smoking during follow-up decreased from 2.32 within the first year of stopping to 1.49 after >3 years compared with those who never smoked. Similar trends were observed for the MI and CHD endpoints. Reductions in risk were less pronounced for all-cause mortality. Conclusion: The risk of CVD events in HIV-positive patients decreased with increasing time since stopping smoking. Smoking cessation efforts should be a priority in the management of HIV-positive patients. {\textcopyright} 2011 British HIV Association.",
keywords = "Cardiovascular disease, Cohort study, HIV infection, Myocardial infarction, Smoking cessation, antihypertensive agent, antilipemic agent, antiretrovirus agent, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, proteinase inhibitor, triacylglycerol, angioplasty, antihypertensive therapy, antiviral therapy, article, cardiovascular disease, carotid endarterectomy, cholesterol blood level, coronary artery bypass graft, diabetes mellitus, diastolic blood pressure, family history, female, follow up, gender, heart infarction, human, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, ischemic heart disease, major clinical study, male, priority journal, prospective study, smoking, smoking cessation, systolic blood pressure, triacylglycerol blood level, virus load, Adult, Argentina, Cardiovascular Diseases, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cohort Studies, Europe, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, United States",
author = "K. Petoumenos and S. Worm and P. Reiss and {de Wit}, S. and {d'Arminio Monforte}, A. and C. Sabin and N. Friis-M{\o}ller and R. Weber and P. Mercie and C. Pradier and W. El-Sadr and O. Kirk and J. Lundgren and M. Law and Ferran Torres",
note = "Cited By :139 Export Date: 17 February 2022 CODEN: HMIEA Correspondence Address: Petoumenos, K.; AHOD, 45 Beach Street, Sydney, NSW 2034, Australia; email: kpetoumenos@nchecr.unsw.edu.au Chemicals/CAS: proteinase inhibitor, 37205-61-1 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, U01AI042170, U01AI046362, U01AI069907 References: Grierson, J., Thorpe, R., Saunders, M., Pitts, M., (2004) HIV Futures4: State of the [Positive] Nation, Monograph Series Number 48, , The Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, Latrobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Benard, A., Bonnet, F., Tessier, J.F., Tobacco addiction and HIV infection (2007) toward the implementation of cessation programs. 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year = "2011",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00901.x",
language = "English",
volume = "12",
pages = "412--421",
journal = "HIV Medicine",
issn = "1464-2662",
number = "7",
}
