TY - JOUR
T1 - Pig domestication and human-mediated dispersal in western eurasia revealed through ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics
AU - Ottoni, Claudio
AU - Girdland Flink, Linus
AU - Evin, Allowen
AU - Geörg, Christina
AU - De Cupere, Bea
AU - Van Neer, Wim
AU - Bartosiewicz, László
AU - Linderholm, Anna
AU - Barnett, Ross
AU - Peters, Joris
AU - Decorte, Ronny
AU - Waelkens, Marc
AU - Vanderheyden, Nancy
AU - Ricaut, François Xavier
AU - Çakirlar, Canan
AU - Çevik, Özlem
AU - Hoelzel, A. Rus
AU - Mashkour, Marjan
AU - Mohaseb Karimlu, Azadeh Fatemeh
AU - Sheikhi Seno, Shiva
AU - Daujat, Julie
AU - Brock, Fiona
AU - Pinhasi, Ron
AU - Hongo, Hitomi
AU - Perez-Enciso, Miguel
AU - Rasmussen, Morten
AU - Frantz, Laurent
AU - Megens, Hendrik Jan
AU - Crooijmans, Richard
AU - Groenen, Martien
AU - Arbuckle, Benjamin
AU - Benecke, Nobert
AU - Strand Vidarsdottir, Una
AU - Burger, Joachim
AU - Cucchi, Thomas
AU - Dobney, Keith
AU - Larson, Greger
PY - 2013/4/1
Y1 - 2013/4/1
N2 - Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia ∼8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous domestic pig lineages in Anatolia. The specific details of these processes, however, remain unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval period) from Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Our results reveal the first genetic signatures of early domestic pigs in the Near Eastern Neolithic core zone. We also demonstrate that these early pigs differed genetically from those in western Anatolia that were introduced to Europe during the Neolithic expansion. In addition, we present a significantly more refined chronology for the introduction of European domestic pigs into Asia Minor that took place during the Bronze Age, at least 900 years earlier than previously detected. By the 5th century AD, European signatures completely replaced the endemic lineages possibly coinciding with the widespread demographic and societal changes that occurred during the Anatolian Bronze and Iron Ages. © 2012 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
AB - Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia ∼8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East and westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European pigs were either domesticated independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced pigs and European wild boar. As a result, European wild boar mtDNA lineages replaced Near Eastern/Anatolian mtDNA signatures in Europe and subsequently replaced indigenous domestic pig lineages in Anatolia. The specific details of these processes, however, remain unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval period) from Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Syria, and Turkey. Our results reveal the first genetic signatures of early domestic pigs in the Near Eastern Neolithic core zone. We also demonstrate that these early pigs differed genetically from those in western Anatolia that were introduced to Europe during the Neolithic expansion. In addition, we present a significantly more refined chronology for the introduction of European domestic pigs into Asia Minor that took place during the Bronze Age, at least 900 years earlier than previously detected. By the 5th century AD, European signatures completely replaced the endemic lineages possibly coinciding with the widespread demographic and societal changes that occurred during the Anatolian Bronze and Iron Ages. © 2012 The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
KW - Neolithic
KW - phylogeography
KW - pig domestication
KW - wild boar
U2 - 10.1093/molbev/mss261
DO - 10.1093/molbev/mss261
M3 - Article
VL - 30
SP - 824
EP - 832
JO - Molecular Biology and Evolution
JF - Molecular Biology and Evolution
SN - 0737-4038
IS - 4
ER -