Micro- and macroscopic magnetic study of the disordering (ball milling) and posterior reordering (annealing) of Fe-40 at.% Al

The paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition of Fe-40 at.% Al during ball milling, from 0 to 72 h, (disordering process) and the posterior ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition with subsequent annealing, from T ANN = 300 to 975 K, (reordering process) were studied by magnetization and Mössbauer spectroscopy to understand the differences between local and average properties in nanometric systems. The overall properties observed from both techniques are similar despite the atomic scale data of Mössbauer spectroscopy and macroscopic properties measured by magnetization, respectively. The differences between both types of results, e.g., 10-20% larger paramagnetic contribution or 10-20% smaller normalized hyperfine field - magnetization observed from Mössbauer spectroscopy, are a consequence of the microscopic-macroscopic length scales of each technique and the limitations of the data analysis. © 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.