@article{43dde975a4824e01b120b3b5ed7235f2,
title = "Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with age in HIV-positive men: A comparison of the D: A: D CVD risk equation and general population CVD risk equations",
abstract = "Objectives: The aim of the study was to statistically model the relative increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) per year older in Data collection on Adverse events of anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) and to compare this with the relative increased risk of CVD per year older in general population risk equations. Methods: We analysed three endpoints: myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD: MI or invasive coronary procedure) and CVD (CHD or stroke). We fitted a number of parametric age effects, adjusting for known risk factors and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. The best-fitting age effect was determined using the Akaike information criterion. We compared the ageing effect from D:A:D with that from the general population risk equations: the Framingham Heart Study, CUORE and ASSIGN risk scores. Results: A total of 24323 men were included in analyses. Crude MI, CHD and CVD event rates per 1000 person-years increased from 2.29, 3.11 and 3.65 in those aged 40-45 years to 6.53, 11.91 and 15.89 in those aged 60-65 years, respectively. The best-fitting models included inverse age for MI and age + age2 for CHD and CVD. In D:A:D there was a slowly accelerating increased risk of CHD and CVD per year older, which appeared to be only modest yet was consistently raised compared with the risk in the general population. The relative risk of MI with age was not different between D:A:D and the general population. Conclusions: We found only limited evidence of accelerating increased risk of CVD with age in D:A:D compared with the general population. {\textcopyright} 2014 British HIV Association.",
keywords = "Ageing, Cardiovascular disease, HIV, adult, age, aged, Article, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, controlled study, follow up, Framingham risk score, heart infarction, human, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, ischemic heart disease, major clinical study, male, population, priority journal, risk factor, risk reduction, smoking cessation, complication, Coronary Disease, HIV Infections, middle aged, Myocardial Infarction, prospective study, regression analysis, Stroke, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Anti-HIV Agents, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors",
author = "K. Petoumenos and P. Reiss and L. Ryom and M. Rickenbach and C.A. Sabin and W. El-Sadr and {d'Arminio Monforte}, A. and A.N. Phillips and {De Wit}, S. and O. Kirk and F. Dabis and C. Pradier and J.D. Lundgren and M.G. Law and Ferran Torres",
note = "Cited By :40 Export Date: 17 February 2022 CODEN: HMIEA Correspondence Address: Petoumenos, K.; The Kirby Institute, Australia Chemicals/CAS: Anti-HIV Agents Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, U01AI042170, U01AI046362, U01AI069907 References: Hasse, B., Ledergerber, B., Furrer, H., Morbidity and aging in HIV-infected persons: the Swiss HIV cohort study (2011) Clin Infect Dis, 53, pp. 1130-1139; Cockerham, L., Scherzer, R., Zolopa, A., Association of HIV infection, demographic and cardiovascular risk factors with all-cause mortality in the recent HAART era (2010) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 53, pp. 102-106; Zwahlen, M., Harris, R., May, M., Mortality of HIV-infected patients starting potent antiretroviral therapy: comparison with the general population in nine industrialized countries (2009) Int J Epidemiol, 38, pp. 1624-1633; Guaraldi, G., Orlando, G., Zona, S., Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population (2011) Clin Infect Dis, 53, pp. 1120-1126; Triant, V.A., Lee, H., Hadigan, C., Grinspoon, S.K., Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, pp. 2506-2512; Goulet, J.L., Fultz, S.L., Rimland, D., Aging and infectious diseases: do patterns of comorbidity vary by HIV status, age, and HIV severity? 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year = "2014",
month = nov,
doi = "10.1111/hiv.12162",
language = "English",
volume = "15",
pages = "595--603",
journal = "HIV Medicine",
issn = "1464-2662",
number = "10",
}
