TY - JOUR
T1 - Host Defence RNases as Antiviral Agents against Enveloped Single Stranded RNA Viruses
AU - Li, Jiarui
AU - Boix, Ester
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Fundaci? La Marat? de TV3 (ref. 20180310) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n, Spain, Grant (PID2019-106123GB-I00) to EB. JL is a China Scholarship Council (CSC) predoctoral fellow.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Owing to the recent outbreak of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19), it is urgent to develop effective and safe drugs to treat the present pandemic and prevent other viral infections that might come in the future. Proteins from our own innate immune system can serve as ideal sources of novel drug candidates thanks to their safety and immune regulation versatility. Some host defense RNases equipped with antiviral activity have been reported over time. Here, we try to summarize the currently available information on human RNases that can target viral pathogens, with special focus on enveloped single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. Overall, host RNases can fight viruses by a combined multifaceted strategy, including the enzymatic target of the viral genome, recognition of virus unique patterns, immune modulation, control of stress granule formation, and induction of autophagy/apoptosis pathways. The review also includes a detailed description of representative enveloped ssRNA viruses and their strategies to interact with the host and evade immune recognition. For comparative purposes, we also provide an exhaustive revision of the currently approved or experimental antiviral drugs. Finally, we sum up the current perspectives of drug development to achieve successful eradication of viral infections.
AB - Owing to the recent outbreak of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19), it is urgent to develop effective and safe drugs to treat the present pandemic and prevent other viral infections that might come in the future. Proteins from our own innate immune system can serve as ideal sources of novel drug candidates thanks to their safety and immune regulation versatility. Some host defense RNases equipped with antiviral activity have been reported over time. Here, we try to summarize the currently available information on human RNases that can target viral pathogens, with special focus on enveloped single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses. Overall, host RNases can fight viruses by a combined multifaceted strategy, including the enzymatic target of the viral genome, recognition of virus unique patterns, immune modulation, control of stress granule formation, and induction of autophagy/apoptosis pathways. The review also includes a detailed description of representative enveloped ssRNA viruses and their strategies to interact with the host and evade immune recognition. For comparative purposes, we also provide an exhaustive revision of the currently approved or experimental antiviral drugs. Finally, we sum up the current perspectives of drug development to achieve successful eradication of viral infections.
KW - antiviral drugs
KW - Enveloped single-stranded RNA Viruses
KW - innate Immunity
KW - RNases
KW - virus-host interplay
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102172961&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/21505594.2021.1871823
DO - 10.1080/21505594.2021.1871823
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33660566
AN - SCOPUS:85102172961
VL - 12
SP - 444
EP - 469
JO - Virulence
JF - Virulence
SN - 2150-5594
IS - 1
ER -