Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the magic telescope

J. Aleksić; L. A. Antonelli; P. Antoranz; M. Backes; C. Baixeras; J. A. Barrio; D. Bastieri; J. Becerra Gonzlez; W. Bednarek; A. Berdyugin; K. Berger; E. Bernardini; A. Biland; O. Blanch; R. K. Bock; G. Bonnoli; P. Bordas; D. Borla Tridon; V. Bosch-Ramon; D. Bose; I. Braun; T. Bretz; D. Britzger; M. Camara; E. Carmona; A. Carosi; P. Colin; S. Commichau; J. L. Contreras; J. Cortina; M. T. Costado; S. Covino; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; E. De Cea Del Pozo; R. De Los Reyes; B. De Lotto; M. De Maria; F. De Sabata; C. Delgado Mendez; M. Doert; A. Domínguez; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; D. Elsaesser; M. Errando; D. Ferenc; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; R. J. García López; M. Garczarczyk; M. Gaug; N. Godinovic; D. Hadasch; A. Herrero; D. Hildebrand; D. Höhne-Mönch; J. Hose; D. Hrupec; C. C. Hsu; T. Jogler; S. Klepser; T. Krähenbühl; D. Kranich; A. La Barbera; A. Laille; E. Leonardo; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; F. Longo; M. López; E. Lorenz; P. Majumdar; G. Maneva; N. Mankuzhiyil; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; M. Mariotti; M. Martínez; D. Mazin; M. Meucci; J. M. Miranda; R. Mirzoyan; H. Miyamoto; J. Moldón; M. Moles; A. Moralejo; D. Nieto; K. Nilsson; J. Ninkovic; R. Orito; I. Oya; S. Paiano; R. Paoletti; J. M. Paredes; S. Partini; M. Pasanen; D. Pascoli; F. Pauss

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115

Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the magic telescope

J. Aleksić, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Backes, C. Baixeras, J. A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra Gonzlez, W. Bednarek, A. Berdyugin, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, O. Blanch, R. K. Bock, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, D. Borla Tridon, V. Bosch-Ramon, D. BoseI. Braun, T. Bretz, D. Britzger, M. Camara, E. Carmona, A. Carosi, P. Colin, S. Commichau, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, M. T. Costado, S. Covino, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, E. De Cea Del Pozo, R. De Los Reyes, B. De Lotto, M. De Maria, F. De Sabata, C. Delgado Mendez, M. Doert, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, M. Errando, D. Ferenc, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, N. Godinovic, D. Hadasch, A. Herrero, D. Hildebrand, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, C. C. Hsu, T. Jogler, S. Klepser, T. Krähenbühl, D. Kranich, A. La Barbera, A. Laille, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, E. Lorenz, P. Majumdar, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, H. Miyamoto, J. Moldón, M. Moles, A. Moralejo, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, J. Ninkovic, R. Orito, I. Oya, S. Paiano, R. Paoletti, J. M. Paredes, S. Partini, M. Pasanen, D. Pascoli, F. Pauss

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Abstract

Between 2004 and 2009, a sample of 28 X-ray selected high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars with an X-ray flux larger than 2 μJy at 1keV in the redshift range from 0.018 to 0.361 was observed with the MAGIC telescope at energies above 100GeV. Seven among them were detected and the results of these observations are discussed elsewhere. Here we concentrate on the remaining 21 blazars which were not detected during this observation campaign and present the 3σ (99.7%) confidence upper limits on their flux. The individual flux upper limits lie between 1.6% and 13.6% of the integral flux from the Crab Nebula. Applying a stacking method to the sample of non-detections with a total of 394.1 hr exposure time, we find evidence for an excess with a cumulative significance of 4.9 standard deviations. It is not dominated by individual objects or flares, but increases linearly with the observation time as for a constant source with an integral flux level of 1.5% of that observed from the Crab Nebula above 150GeV. © 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Original language	English
Article number	115
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	729
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115
Publication status	Published - 10 Mar 2011

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: general
gamma rays: galaxies

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10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115

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Aleksić, J., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Backes, M., Baixeras, C., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra Gonzlez, J., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borla Tridon, D., Bosch-Ramon, V., ... Pauss, F. (2011). Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the magic telescope. Astrophysical Journal, 729(2), [115]. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115

@article{2a87022eaf1945ed80c7d1a5643b6666,

title = "Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the magic telescope",

abstract = "Between 2004 and 2009, a sample of 28 X-ray selected high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars with an X-ray flux larger than 2 μJy at 1keV in the redshift range from 0.018 to 0.361 was observed with the MAGIC telescope at energies above 100GeV. Seven among them were detected and the results of these observations are discussed elsewhere. Here we concentrate on the remaining 21 blazars which were not detected during this observation campaign and present the 3σ (99.7%) confidence upper limits on their flux. The individual flux upper limits lie between 1.6% and 13.6% of the integral flux from the Crab Nebula. Applying a stacking method to the sample of non-detections with a total of 394.1 hr exposure time, we find evidence for an excess with a cumulative significance of 4.9 standard deviations. It is not dominated by individual objects or flares, but increases linearly with the observation time as for a constant source with an integral flux level of 1.5% of that observed from the Crab Nebula above 150GeV. {\textcopyright} 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, gamma rays: galaxies",

author = "J. Aleksi{\'c} and Antonelli, {L. A.} and P. Antoranz and M. Backes and C. Baixeras and Barrio, {J. A.} and D. Bastieri and {Becerra Gonzlez}, J. and W. Bednarek and A. Berdyugin and K. Berger and E. Bernardini and A. Biland and O. Blanch and Bock, {R. K.} and G. Bonnoli and P. Bordas and {Borla Tridon}, D. and V. Bosch-Ramon and D. Bose and I. Braun and T. Bretz and D. Britzger and M. Camara and E. Carmona and A. Carosi and P. Colin and S. Commichau and Contreras, {J. L.} and J. Cortina and Costado, {M. T.} and S. Covino and F. Dazzi and {De Angelis}, A. and {De Cea Del Pozo}, E. and {De Los Reyes}, R. and {De Lotto}, B. and {De Maria}, M. and {De Sabata}, F. and {Delgado Mendez}, C. and M. Doert and A. Dom{\'i}nguez and {Dominis Prester}, D. and D. Dorner and M. Doro and D. Elsaesser and M. Errando and D. Ferenc and Fonseca, {M. V.} and L. Font and {Garc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez}, {R. J.} and M. Garczarczyk and M. Gaug and N. Godinovic and D. Hadasch and A. Herrero and D. Hildebrand and D. H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch and J. Hose and D. Hrupec and Hsu, {C. C.} and T. Jogler and S. Klepser and T. Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl and D. Kranich and Barbera, {A. La} and A. Laille and E. Leonardo and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. L{\'o}pez and E. Lorenz and P. Majumdar and G. Maneva and N. Mankuzhiyil and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and D. Mazin and M. Meucci and Miranda, {J. M.} and R. Mirzoyan and H. Miyamoto and J. Mold{\'o}n and M. Moles and A. Moralejo and D. Nieto and K. Nilsson and J. Ninkovic and R. Orito and I. Oya and S. Paiano and R. Paoletti and Paredes, {J. M.} and S. Partini and M. Pasanen and D. Pascoli and F. Pauss",

year = "2011",

month = mar,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115",

language = "English",

volume = "729",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

number = "2",

}

Aleksić, J, Antonelli, LA, Antoranz, P, Backes, M, Baixeras, C, Barrio, JA, Bastieri, D, Becerra Gonzlez, J, Bednarek, W, Berdyugin, A, Berger, K, Bernardini, E, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bock, RK, Bonnoli, G, Bordas, P, Borla Tridon, D, Bosch-Ramon, V, Bose, D, Braun, I, Bretz, T, Britzger, D, Camara, M, Carmona, E, Carosi, A, Colin, P, Commichau, S, Contreras, JL, Cortina, J, Costado, MT, Covino, S, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Cea Del Pozo, E, De Los Reyes, R, De Lotto, B, De Maria, M, De Sabata, F, Delgado Mendez, C, Doert, M, Domínguez, A, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Elsaesser, D, Errando, M, Ferenc, D, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, García López, RJ, Garczarczyk, M, Gaug, M, Godinovic, N, Hadasch, D, Herrero, A, Hildebrand, D, Höhne-Mönch, D, Hose, J, Hrupec, D, Hsu, CC, Jogler, T, Klepser, S, Krähenbühl, T, Kranich, D, Barbera, AL, Laille, A, Leonardo, E, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, Lorenz, E, Majumdar, P, Maneva, G, Mankuzhiyil, N, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Mazin, D, Meucci, M, Miranda, JM, Mirzoyan, R, Miyamoto, H, Moldón, J, Moles, M, Moralejo, A, Nieto, D, Nilsson, K, Ninkovic, J, Orito, R, Oya, I, Paiano, S, Paoletti, R, Paredes, JM, Partini, S, Pasanen, M, Pascoli, D & Pauss, F 2011, 'Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the magic telescope', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 729, no. 2, 115. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115

TY - JOUR

T1 - Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the magic telescope

AU - Aleksić, J.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Antoranz, P.

AU - Backes, M.

AU - Baixeras, C.

AU - Barrio, J. A.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Becerra Gonzlez, J.

AU - Bednarek, W.

AU - Berdyugin, A.

AU - Berger, K.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Biland, A.

AU - Blanch, O.

AU - Bock, R. K.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Bordas, P.

AU - Borla Tridon, D.

AU - Bosch-Ramon, V.

AU - Bose, D.

AU - Braun, I.

AU - Bretz, T.

AU - Britzger, D.

AU - Camara, M.

AU - Carmona, E.

AU - Carosi, A.

AU - Colin, P.

AU - Commichau, S.

AU - Contreras, J. L.

AU - Cortina, J.

AU - Costado, M. T.

AU - Covino, S.

AU - Dazzi, F.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Cea Del Pozo, E.

AU - De Los Reyes, R.

AU - De Lotto, B.

AU - De Maria, M.

AU - De Sabata, F.

AU - Delgado Mendez, C.

AU - Doert, M.

AU - Domínguez, A.

AU - Dominis Prester, D.

AU - Dorner, D.

AU - Doro, M.

AU - Elsaesser, D.

AU - Errando, M.

AU - Ferenc, D.

AU - Fonseca, M. V.

AU - Font, L.

AU - García López, R. J.

AU - Garczarczyk, M.

AU - Gaug, M.

AU - Godinovic, N.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Herrero, A.

AU - Hildebrand, D.

AU - Höhne-Mönch, D.

AU - Hose, J.

AU - Hrupec, D.

AU - Hsu, C. C.

AU - Jogler, T.

AU - Klepser, S.

AU - Krähenbühl, T.

AU - Kranich, D.

AU - Barbera, A. La

AU - Laille, A.

AU - Leonardo, E.

AU - Lindfors, E.

AU - Lombardi, S.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - López, M.

AU - Lorenz, E.

AU - Majumdar, P.

AU - Maneva, G.

AU - Mankuzhiyil, N.

AU - Mannheim, K.

AU - Maraschi, L.

AU - Mariotti, M.

AU - Martínez, M.

AU - Mazin, D.

AU - Meucci, M.

AU - Miranda, J. M.

AU - Mirzoyan, R.

AU - Miyamoto, H.

AU - Moldón, J.

AU - Moles, M.

AU - Moralejo, A.

AU - Nieto, D.

AU - Nilsson, K.

AU - Ninkovic, J.

AU - Orito, R.

AU - Oya, I.

AU - Paiano, S.

AU - Paoletti, R.

AU - Paredes, J. M.

AU - Partini, S.

AU - Pasanen, M.

AU - Pascoli, D.

AU - Pauss, F.

PY - 2011/3/10

Y1 - 2011/3/10

N2 - Between 2004 and 2009, a sample of 28 X-ray selected high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars with an X-ray flux larger than 2 μJy at 1keV in the redshift range from 0.018 to 0.361 was observed with the MAGIC telescope at energies above 100GeV. Seven among them were detected and the results of these observations are discussed elsewhere. Here we concentrate on the remaining 21 blazars which were not detected during this observation campaign and present the 3σ (99.7%) confidence upper limits on their flux. The individual flux upper limits lie between 1.6% and 13.6% of the integral flux from the Crab Nebula. Applying a stacking method to the sample of non-detections with a total of 394.1 hr exposure time, we find evidence for an excess with a cumulative significance of 4.9 standard deviations. It is not dominated by individual objects or flares, but increases linearly with the observation time as for a constant source with an integral flux level of 1.5% of that observed from the Crab Nebula above 150GeV. © 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

AB - Between 2004 and 2009, a sample of 28 X-ray selected high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars with an X-ray flux larger than 2 μJy at 1keV in the redshift range from 0.018 to 0.361 was observed with the MAGIC telescope at energies above 100GeV. Seven among them were detected and the results of these observations are discussed elsewhere. Here we concentrate on the remaining 21 blazars which were not detected during this observation campaign and present the 3σ (99.7%) confidence upper limits on their flux. The individual flux upper limits lie between 1.6% and 13.6% of the integral flux from the Crab Nebula. Applying a stacking method to the sample of non-detections with a total of 394.1 hr exposure time, we find evidence for an excess with a cumulative significance of 4.9 standard deviations. It is not dominated by individual objects or flares, but increases linearly with the observation time as for a constant source with an integral flux level of 1.5% of that observed from the Crab Nebula above 150GeV. © 2011. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - gamma rays: galaxies

U2 - 10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115

DO - 10.1088/0004-637X/729/2/115

M3 - Article

VL - 729

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

SN - 0004-637X

IS - 2

M1 - 115

ER -

Gamma-ray excess from a stacked sample of high- and intermediate-frequency peaked blazars observed with the magic telescope

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Keywords

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