TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of the reporting level to detect triamcinolone acetonide misuse in sports
AU - Matabosch, Xavier
AU - Pozo, Oscar J.
AU - Pérez-Mañá, Clara
AU - Papaseit, Esther
AU - Marcos, Josep
AU - Segura, Jordi
AU - Ventura, Rosa
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is prohibited in sport competitions using systemic administrations (e.g., intramuscular, IM), and it is allowed by other routes (e.g., intranasal, IN, or topical, TOP). A reporting level of 30 ng/mL is used to discriminate between forbidden and allowed administrations. We examined urinary profiles of TA metabolites after TOP, IN and IM administrations to evaluate the suitability of the current reporting level and to define the best criteria to discriminate between these administrations. TA was administered to healthy volunteers by different routes: a single IM dose (n = 2), IN doses for three days (n = 6), and TOP doses for five days followed by a single IM dose (n = 8). Urine samples were collected at different time intervals and they were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure TA and eight metabolites. After TOP and IN administrations, concentrations of the metabolites were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than after IM administrations. Concentrations of TA after IM administration were lower than 30 ng/mL for all volunteers (range 0.7-29.7 ng/mL), and they were lower than 5 ng/mL after multiple IN or TOP doses (0.1-3.6 ng/mL and 0-1.7 ng/mL, respectively). For 6b-hydroxy-TA, the main TA metabolite, greater concentrations were obtained: 10.7-469.1 ng/mL, 2.2- 90.6 ng/mL and 0-57.2 ng/mL after IM, IN and TOP administrations, respectively. These results suggest that the current reporting level is not suitable to detect forbidden IM administration of TA. A lower concentration of the parent drug or the use of specific metabolites could discriminate IM from TOP or IN administrations.
AB - © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is prohibited in sport competitions using systemic administrations (e.g., intramuscular, IM), and it is allowed by other routes (e.g., intranasal, IN, or topical, TOP). A reporting level of 30 ng/mL is used to discriminate between forbidden and allowed administrations. We examined urinary profiles of TA metabolites after TOP, IN and IM administrations to evaluate the suitability of the current reporting level and to define the best criteria to discriminate between these administrations. TA was administered to healthy volunteers by different routes: a single IM dose (n = 2), IN doses for three days (n = 6), and TOP doses for five days followed by a single IM dose (n = 8). Urine samples were collected at different time intervals and they were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure TA and eight metabolites. After TOP and IN administrations, concentrations of the metabolites were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than after IM administrations. Concentrations of TA after IM administration were lower than 30 ng/mL for all volunteers (range 0.7-29.7 ng/mL), and they were lower than 5 ng/mL after multiple IN or TOP doses (0.1-3.6 ng/mL and 0-1.7 ng/mL, respectively). For 6b-hydroxy-TA, the main TA metabolite, greater concentrations were obtained: 10.7-469.1 ng/mL, 2.2- 90.6 ng/mL and 0-57.2 ng/mL after IM, IN and TOP administrations, respectively. These results suggest that the current reporting level is not suitable to detect forbidden IM administration of TA. A lower concentration of the parent drug or the use of specific metabolites could discriminate IM from TOP or IN administrations.
KW - Administration routes
KW - Doping
KW - LC-MS/MS
KW - Metabolites
KW - Triamcinolone acetonide
U2 - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.018
DO - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.018
M3 - Article
SN - 0960-0760
VL - 145
SP - 94
EP - 102
JO - Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
JF - Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
ER -