Projects per year
Abstract
Recent research and policies recognize the importance of environmental defenders for global sustainability and emphasize their need for protection against violence and repression. However, effective support may benefit from a more systematic understanding of the underlying environmental conflicts, as well as from better knowledge on the factors that enable environmental defenders to mobilize successfully. We have created the global Environmental Justice Atlas to address this knowledge gap. Here we present a large-n analysis of 2743 cases that sheds light on the characteristics of environmental conflicts and the environmental defenders involved, as well as on successful mobilization strategies. We find that bottom-up mobilizations for more sustainable and socially just uses of the environment occur worldwide across all income groups, testifying to the global existence of various forms of grassroots environmentalism as a promising force for sustainability. Environmental defenders are frequently members of vulnerable groups who employ largely non-violent protest forms. In 11% of cases globally, they contributed to halt environmentally destructive and socially conflictive projects, defending the environment and livelihoods. Combining strategies of preventive mobilization, protest diversification and litigation can increase this success rate significantly to up to 27%. However, defenders face globally also high rates of criminalization (20% of cases), physical violence (18%), and assassinations (13%), which significantly increase when Indigenous people are involved. Our results call for targeted actions to enhance the conditions enabling successful mobilizations, and for specific support for Indigenous environmental defenders.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 102104 |
Journal | Global Environmental Change |
Volume | 63 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jul 2020 |
Keywords
- EJAtlas
- Environmental conflicts
- Environmental justice
- Environmentalism of the poor
- Statistical political ecology
- Sustainability
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Dive into the research topics of 'Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 1 Finished
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Academic-Activist Co-Produced Knowledge for Environmental Justice (ACKnowl-EJ)
Temper , L., Bene ., D. D., Martinez Alier, J., Walter ., M., Weber , L. H., Abdelaziz Monner, A., Gobby, L. M., Inturias Canedo, M. L. & Pelenc, J.
17/12/15 → 30/04/19
Project: International research project