TY - JOUR
T1 - Dopamine receptor DRD4 gene and stressful life events in persistent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
AU - Sánchez-Mora, Cristina
AU - Richarte, Vanesa
AU - Garcia-Martínez, Iris
AU - Pagerols, Mireia
AU - Corrales, Montse
AU - Bosch, Rosa
AU - Vidal, Raquel
AU - Viladevall, Laia
AU - Casas, Miguel
AU - Cormand, Bru
AU - Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni
AU - Ribasés, Marta
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. We performed a case-control association study in persistent ADHD considering eight candidate genes (DRD4, DAT1/SLC6A3, COMT, ADRA2A, CES1, CYP2D6, LPHN3, and OPRM1) and found additional evidence for the involvement of the Dup 120bp and VNTR 48bp functional variants within the dopamine receptor DRD4 gene in the etiology of adult ADHD. We subsequently investigated the interaction of stressful life events with these two DRD4 polymorphisms, and the impact of such events on the severity of ADHD symptomatology. The gene-by-environment analysis revealed an independent effect of stressful experiences on the severity of persistent ADHD, and a gene-by-environment interaction on the inattentive dimension of the disorder, where non carriers of the Dup 120bp (L) - VNTR 48bp (7R) haplotype were more sensitive to environmental adversity than carriers. These results are in agreement with previous works reporting a relationship between DRD4 and the effect of adverse experiences, which may explain the discordant findings in previous genetic studies and strengthen the importance of gene-by-environment interactions on the severity of ADHD.
AB - © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. We performed a case-control association study in persistent ADHD considering eight candidate genes (DRD4, DAT1/SLC6A3, COMT, ADRA2A, CES1, CYP2D6, LPHN3, and OPRM1) and found additional evidence for the involvement of the Dup 120bp and VNTR 48bp functional variants within the dopamine receptor DRD4 gene in the etiology of adult ADHD. We subsequently investigated the interaction of stressful life events with these two DRD4 polymorphisms, and the impact of such events on the severity of ADHD symptomatology. The gene-by-environment analysis revealed an independent effect of stressful experiences on the severity of persistent ADHD, and a gene-by-environment interaction on the inattentive dimension of the disorder, where non carriers of the Dup 120bp (L) - VNTR 48bp (7R) haplotype were more sensitive to environmental adversity than carriers. These results are in agreement with previous works reporting a relationship between DRD4 and the effect of adverse experiences, which may explain the discordant findings in previous genetic studies and strengthen the importance of gene-by-environment interactions on the severity of ADHD.
KW - ADHD
KW - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
KW - DRD4
KW - GxE interaction
KW - Stressful life events
U2 - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32340
DO - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32340
M3 - Article
VL - 168
SP - 480
EP - 491
JO - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
JF - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
SN - 1552-4841
IS - 6
ER -