Documento de consenso sobre la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en los niños. SENP-SEPAR-SEIP

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a prevalent disease among children and is frequently associated with both diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties. Consensus has been reached between SEPAR, SENP and SEIP, and their conclusions are as follows: 1. Etiology depends mainly on age and other factors and no single analytical marker offers absolute diagnostic reliability. 2. In the event of clinical suspicion of pneumonia in a healthy child, chest X-ray is not necessary. Chest ultrasound is increasingly implemented as a follow-up method, and even as a diagnostic method. 3. The empirical antibiotic treatment of choice In typical forms of the disease is oral amoxicillin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day for 7 days, while in atypical presentations in children older than 5 years, macrolides should be selected. In severe typical forms, the combination of 3 rd generation cephalosporins and cloxacillin (or clindamycin or vancomycin) administered intravenously is recommended. 4. If pleural drainage is required, ultrasound-guided insertion of a small catheter is recommended. Intrapleural administration of fibrinolytics (urokinase) reduces hospital stay compared to simple pleural drainage. 5. In parapneumonic pleural effusion, antibiotic treatment combined with pleural drainage and fibrinolytics is associated with a similar hospital stay and complication rate as antibiotic treatment plus video-assisted thoracoscopy. 6. Systematic pneumococcal conjugate vaccination is recommended in children under 5 years of age, as it reduces the incidence of CAP and hospitalization for this disease.