TY - JOUR
T1 - Developmental pathways inferred from modularity, morphological integration and fluctuating asymmetry patterns in the human face
AU - Quinto-Sánchez, Mirsha
AU - Muñoz-Muñoz, Francesc
AU - Gomez-Valdes, Jorge
AU - Cintas, Celia
AU - Navarro, Pablo
AU - Cerqueira, Caio Cesar Silva De
AU - Paschetta, Carolina
AU - De Azevedo, Soledad
AU - Ramallo, Virginia
AU - Acuña-Alonzo, Victor
AU - Adhikari, Kaustubh
AU - Fuentes-Guajardo, MacArena
AU - Hünemeier, Tábita
AU - Everardo, Paola
AU - De Avila, Francisco
AU - Jaramillo, Claudia
AU - Arias, Williams
AU - Gallo, Carla
AU - Poletti, Giovani
AU - Bedoya, Gabriel
AU - Bortolini, Maria Cátira
AU - Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel
AU - Rothhammer, Francisco
AU - Rosique, Javier
AU - Ruiz-Linares, Andres
AU - Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - © 2018 The Author(s). Facial asymmetries are usually measured and interpreted as proxies to developmental noise. However, analyses focused on its developmental and genetic architecture are scarce. To advance on this topic, studies based on a comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of modularity, morphological integration and facial asymmetries including both phenotypic and genomic information are needed. Here we explore several modularity hypotheses on a sample of Latin American mestizos, in order to test if modularity and integration patterns differ across several genomic ancestry backgrounds. To do so, 4104 individuals were analyzed using 3D photogrammetry reconstructions and a set of 34 facial landmarks placed on each individual. We found a pattern of modularity and integration that is conserved across sub-samples differing in their genomic ancestry background. Specifically, a signal of modularity based on functional demands and organization of the face is regularly observed across the whole sample. Our results shed more light on previous evidence obtained from Genome Wide Association Studies performed on the same samples, indicating the action of different genomic regions contributing to the expression of the nose and mouth facial phenotypes. Our results also indicate that large samples including phenotypic and genomic metadata enable a better understanding of the developmental and genetic architecture of craniofacial phenotypes.
AB - © 2018 The Author(s). Facial asymmetries are usually measured and interpreted as proxies to developmental noise. However, analyses focused on its developmental and genetic architecture are scarce. To advance on this topic, studies based on a comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of modularity, morphological integration and facial asymmetries including both phenotypic and genomic information are needed. Here we explore several modularity hypotheses on a sample of Latin American mestizos, in order to test if modularity and integration patterns differ across several genomic ancestry backgrounds. To do so, 4104 individuals were analyzed using 3D photogrammetry reconstructions and a set of 34 facial landmarks placed on each individual. We found a pattern of modularity and integration that is conserved across sub-samples differing in their genomic ancestry background. Specifically, a signal of modularity based on functional demands and organization of the face is regularly observed across the whole sample. Our results shed more light on previous evidence obtained from Genome Wide Association Studies performed on the same samples, indicating the action of different genomic regions contributing to the expression of the nose and mouth facial phenotypes. Our results also indicate that large samples including phenotypic and genomic metadata enable a better understanding of the developmental and genetic architecture of craniofacial phenotypes.
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y
DO - 10.1038/s41598-018-19324-y
M3 - Article
C2 - 29343858
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 8
JO - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
JF - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
M1 - 963
ER -