TY - JOUR
T1 - Combination therapy with remote ischaemic conditioning and insulin or exenatide enhances infarct size limitation in pigs
AU - Alburquerque-Béjar, Juan José
AU - Barba, Ignasi
AU - Inserte, Javier
AU - Miró-Casas, Elisabet
AU - Ruiz-Meana, Marisol
AU - Poncelas, Marcos
AU - Vilardosa, Úrsula
AU - Valls-Lacalle, Laura
AU - Rodríguez-Sinovas, Antonio
AU - Garcia-Dorado, David
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2015. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. Aims: Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients. Our objective was to investigate whether the combination of RIC with either exenatide or glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) is more effective than RIC alone. Methods and results: Pigs were submitted to 40 min of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, and received (i) no treatment, (ii) one of the following treatments: RIC (5 min ischemia/5 min reperfusion × 4), GIK, or exenatide (at doses reducing infarct size in clinical trials), or (iii) a combination of two of these treatments (RIC + GIK or RIC + exenatide). After 5 min of reperfusion (n = 4/group), prominent phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was observed, both in control and reperfused myocardium, in animals receiving GIK, and mitochondria from these hearts showed reduced ADP-stimulated respiration. 1H NMR-based metabonomics disclosed a shift towards increased glycolysis in GIK and exenatide groups. In contrast, oxidative stress (myocardial nitrotyrosine levels) and eNOS uncoupling were significantly reduced only by RIC. In additional experiments (n = 7-10/group), ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect of the number of treatments after 2 h of reperfusion on infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium, % of the area at risk; 59.21 ± 3.34, 36.64 ± 3.03, and 21.04 ± 2.38% for none, one, and two treatments, respectively), and significant differences between one and two treatments (P = 0.004) but not among individual treatments or between RIC + GIK and RIC + exenatide. Conclusions: GIK and exenatide activate cardioprotective pathways different from those of RIC, and have additive effects with RIC on infarct size reduction in pigs.
AB - Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2015. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. Aims: Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients. Our objective was to investigate whether the combination of RIC with either exenatide or glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) is more effective than RIC alone. Methods and results: Pigs were submitted to 40 min of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, and received (i) no treatment, (ii) one of the following treatments: RIC (5 min ischemia/5 min reperfusion × 4), GIK, or exenatide (at doses reducing infarct size in clinical trials), or (iii) a combination of two of these treatments (RIC + GIK or RIC + exenatide). After 5 min of reperfusion (n = 4/group), prominent phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was observed, both in control and reperfused myocardium, in animals receiving GIK, and mitochondria from these hearts showed reduced ADP-stimulated respiration. 1H NMR-based metabonomics disclosed a shift towards increased glycolysis in GIK and exenatide groups. In contrast, oxidative stress (myocardial nitrotyrosine levels) and eNOS uncoupling were significantly reduced only by RIC. In additional experiments (n = 7-10/group), ANOVA demonstrated a significant effect of the number of treatments after 2 h of reperfusion on infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium, % of the area at risk; 59.21 ± 3.34, 36.64 ± 3.03, and 21.04 ± 2.38% for none, one, and two treatments, respectively), and significant differences between one and two treatments (P = 0.004) but not among individual treatments or between RIC + GIK and RIC + exenatide. Conclusions: GIK and exenatide activate cardioprotective pathways different from those of RIC, and have additive effects with RIC on infarct size reduction in pigs.
KW - GLP-1
KW - Insulin
KW - Myocardial infarction
KW - Remote ischaemic conditioning
KW - Reperfusion injury
U2 - 10.1093/cvr/cvv171
DO - 10.1093/cvr/cvv171
M3 - Article
VL - 107
SP - 246
EP - 254
JO - Cardiovascular Research
JF - Cardiovascular Research
SN - 0008-6363
IS - 2
ER -