Bone mineral density evaluation: A new tool for the urologist

OBJECTIVES: To familiarize the urologist with the various diagnostic tests currently available for bone mineral density measurement, as well as to perform an update on bone mineral densitometry. METHODS: We review the currently available methods for the evaluation of bone mineral density, with special focus on dual energy X-ray ab-sorptiometry (DXA), considered the standard technique for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. We also review the role of peripheral densitometry and the use of ultrasounds for the evaluation of bone mass status. RESULTS: We may consider lumbar vertebrae and hip DXA the standard technique for the evaluation of bone mass. Peripheral devices and ultrasounds will probably have a very important role in the future. The lack of large prospective evaluation studies imply that its use is not being advised in daily clinical practice for diagnosis and follow-up of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS: We, as urologists, should become aware of the importance of bone health of our patients, especially those with prostate cancer, specifically for those receiving androgen deprivation therapies. To know some features of osteoporosis and how to diagnose and follow it may be very useful to diminish the impact this disease represents for our patient's morbidity and mortality.