An energy transition without externalization?

The extended abstract presents the first results of the estimation of externalization levels of Spain through its energy transition towards 2030. . It represents a first step towards building the Calliope Spain model adapted from EuroCalliope. This first portion of the work presents the trade emissions balance for Spain for 2010 and 2015 using an Input-Output methodology. The results position Spain as a “net exporter” of emissions given that the country imports more goods and services than it exports. These insights serve as baselines to establish the country´s total internal and externalized emissions by trade partner as will be used in Calliope Spain. By examining these trends, it is possible to gain valuable insights into the correlation between international trade and greenhouse gas emissions in Spain's energy sector. This first analysis concludes with recommendations for policy.