A fast, very-high-energy γ -ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015 ?

V. A. Acciari; S. Ansoldi; L. A. Antonelli; A. Arbet Engels; D. Baack; A. Babić; B. Banerjee; P. Bangale; U. Barres De Almeida; J. A. Barrio; J. Becerra González; W. Bednarek; E. Bernardini; A. Berti; J. Besenrieder; W. Bhattacharyya; C. Bigongiari; A. Biland; O. Blanch; G. Bonnoli; R. Carosi; G. Ceribella; S. Cikota; S. M. Colak; P. Colin; E. Colombo; J. L. Contreras; J. Cortina; S. Covino; V. D'elia; P. Da Vela; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; B. De Lotto; M. Delfino; J. Delgado; F. Di Pierro; E. Do Souto Espiñera; A. Domínguez; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; S. Einecke; D. Elsaesser; V. Fallah Ramazani; A. Fattorini; A. Fernández-Barral; G. Ferrara; D. Fidalgo; L. Foffano; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; C. Fruck; D. Galindo; S. Gallozzi; R. J. García López; M. Garczarczyk; M. Gaug; P. Giammaria; N. Godinović; D. Guberman; D. Hadasch; A. Hahn; T. Hassan; J. Herrera; J. Hoang; D. Hrupec; S. Inoue; K. Ishio; Y. Iwamura; H. Kubo; J. Kushida; D. Kuveždić; A. Lamastra; D. Lelas; F. Leone; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; F. Longo; M. López; A. López-Oramas; C. Maggio; P. Majumdar; M. Makariev; G. Maneva; M. Manganaro; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; M. Mariotti; M. Martínez; S. Masuda; D. Mazin; M. Minev; J. M. Miranda; R. Mirzoyan; E. Molina; A. Moralejo; V. Moreno; E. Moretti; P. Munar-Adrover

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834010

A fast, very-high-energy γ -ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015 ?

V. A. Acciari, S. Ansoldi, L. A. Antonelli, A. Arbet Engels, D. Baack, A. Babić, B. Banerjee, P. Bangale, U. Barres De Almeida, J. A. Barrio, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, E. Bernardini, A. Berti, J. Besenrieder, W. Bhattacharyya, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, O. Blanch, G. BonnoliR. Carosi, G. Ceribella, S. Cikota, S. M. Colak, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, S. Covino, V. D'elia, P. Da Vela, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, B. De Lotto, M. Delfino, J. Delgado, F. Di Pierro, E. Do Souto Espiñera, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, S. Einecke, D. Elsaesser, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Fattorini, A. Fernández-Barral, G. Ferrara, D. Fidalgo, L. Foffano, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, D. Galindo, S. Gallozzi, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, M. Gaug, P. Giammaria, N. Godinović, D. Guberman, D. Hadasch, A. Hahn, T. Hassan, J. Herrera, J. Hoang, D. Hrupec, S. Inoue, K. Ishio, Y. Iwamura, H. Kubo, J. Kushida, D. Kuveždić, A. Lamastra, D. Lelas, F. Leone, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, M. López, A. López-Oramas, C. Maggio, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, S. Masuda, D. Mazin, M. Minev, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, E. Molina, A. Moralejo, V. Moreno, E. Moretti, P. Munar-Adrover

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Abstract

© ESO 2019. The mechanisms producing fast variability of the γ-ray emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are under debate. The MAGIC telescopes detected a fast, very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ-ray flare from BL Lacertae on 2015 June 15. The flare had a maximum flux of (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-10 photons cm-2 s-1 and halving time of 26 ± 8 min. The MAGIC observations were triggered by a high state in the optical and high-energy (HE, E > 100 MeV) γ-ray bands. In this paper we present the MAGIC VHE γ-ray data together with multi-wavelength data from radio, optical, X-rays, and HE γ rays from 2015 May 1 to July 31. Well-sampled multi-wavelength data allow us to study the variability in detail and compare it to the other epochs when fast, VHE γ-ray flares have been detected from this source. Interestingly, we find that the behaviour in radio, optical, X-rays, and HE γ-rays is very similar to two other observed VHE γ-ray flares. In particular, also during this flare there was an indication of rotation of the optical polarization angle and of activity at the 43 GHz core. These repeating patterns indicate a connection between the three events. We also test modelling of the spectral energy distribution based on constraints from the light curves and VLBA observations, with two different geometrical setups of two-zone inverse Compton models. In addition we model the γ-ray data with the star-jet interaction model. We find that all of the tested emission models are compatible with the fast VHE γ-ray flare, but all have some tension with the multi-wavelength observations.

Original language	English
Article number	A175
Journal	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume	623
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834010
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2019

Keywords

BL Lacertae objects: individual: BL Lacertae
Gamma rays: galaxies

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Acciari, V. A., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Arbet Engels, A., Baack, D., Babić, A., Banerjee, B., Bangale, P., Barres De Almeida, U., Barrio, J. A., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bhattacharyya, W., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., ... Munar-Adrover, P. (2019). A fast, very-high-energy γ -ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015 ? Astronomy and Astrophysics, 623, [A175]. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834010

Acciari, V. A. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Arbet Engels, A. ; Baack, D. ; Babić, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Bangale, P. ; Barres De Almeida, U. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra González, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bernardini, E. ; Berti, A. ; Besenrieder, J. ; Bhattacharyya, W. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Carosi, R. ; Ceribella, G. ; Cikota, S. ; Colak, S. M. ; Colin, P. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; D'elia, V. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delfino, M. ; Delgado, J. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Do Souto Espiñera, E. ; Domínguez, A. ; Dominis Prester, D. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fallah Ramazani, V. ; Fattorini, A. ; Fernández-Barral, A. ; Ferrara, G. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Foffano, L. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Gallozzi, S. ; García López, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gaug, M. ; Giammaria, P. ; Godinović, N. ; Guberman, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Hassan, T. ; Herrera, J. ; Hoang, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Inoue, S. ; Ishio, K. ; Iwamura, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Kuveždić, D. ; Lamastra, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Leone, F. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; López, M. ; López-Oramas, A. ; Maggio, C. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martínez, M. ; Masuda, S. ; Mazin, D. ; Minev, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Molina, E. ; Moralejo, A. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Munar-Adrover, P. / A fast, very-high-energy γ -ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015 ?. In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2019 ; Vol. 623.

@article{7bf2703bd518463da5d247452e7a9523,

title = "A fast, very-high-energy γ -ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015 ?",

abstract = "{\textcopyright} ESO 2019. The mechanisms producing fast variability of the γ-ray emission in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are under debate. The MAGIC telescopes detected a fast, very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ-ray flare from BL Lacertae on 2015 June 15. The flare had a maximum flux of (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-10 photons cm-2 s-1 and halving time of 26 ± 8 min. The MAGIC observations were triggered by a high state in the optical and high-energy (HE, E > 100 MeV) γ-ray bands. In this paper we present the MAGIC VHE γ-ray data together with multi-wavelength data from radio, optical, X-rays, and HE γ rays from 2015 May 1 to July 31. Well-sampled multi-wavelength data allow us to study the variability in detail and compare it to the other epochs when fast, VHE γ-ray flares have been detected from this source. Interestingly, we find that the behaviour in radio, optical, X-rays, and HE γ-rays is very similar to two other observed VHE γ-ray flares. In particular, also during this flare there was an indication of rotation of the optical polarization angle and of activity at the 43 GHz core. These repeating patterns indicate a connection between the three events. We also test modelling of the spectral energy distribution based on constraints from the light curves and VLBA observations, with two different geometrical setups of two-zone inverse Compton models. In addition we model the γ-ray data with the star-jet interaction model. We find that all of the tested emission models are compatible with the fast VHE γ-ray flare, but all have some tension with the multi-wavelength observations.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: individual: BL Lacertae, Gamma rays: galaxies",

author = "Acciari, {V. A.} and S. Ansoldi and Antonelli, {L. A.} and {Arbet Engels}, A. and D. Baack and A. Babi{\'c} and B. Banerjee and P. Bangale and {Barres De Almeida}, U. and Barrio, {J. A.} and {Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez}, J. and W. Bednarek and E. Bernardini and A. Berti and J. Besenrieder and W. Bhattacharyya and C. Bigongiari and A. Biland and O. Blanch and G. Bonnoli and R. Carosi and G. Ceribella and S. Cikota and Colak, {S. M.} and P. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, {J. L.} and J. Cortina and S. Covino and V. D'elia and {Da Vela}, P. and F. Dazzi and {De Angelis}, A. and {De Lotto}, B. and M. Delfino and J. Delgado and {Di Pierro}, F. and {Do Souto Espi{\~n}era}, E. and A. Dom{\'i}nguez and {Dominis Prester}, D. and D. Dorner and M. Doro and S. Einecke and D. Elsaesser and {Fallah Ramazani}, V. and A. Fattorini and A. Fern{\'a}ndez-Barral and G. Ferrara and D. Fidalgo and L. Foffano and Fonseca, {M. V.} and L. Font and C. Fruck and D. Galindo and S. Gallozzi and {Garc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez}, {R. J.} and M. Garczarczyk and M. Gaug and P. Giammaria and N. Godinovi{\'c} and D. Guberman and D. Hadasch and A. Hahn and T. Hassan and J. Herrera and J. Hoang and D. Hrupec and S. Inoue and K. Ishio and Y. Iwamura and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and D. Kuve{\v z}di{\'c} and A. Lamastra and D. Lelas and F. Leone and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. L{\'o}pez and A. L{\'o}pez-Oramas and C. Maggio and P. Majumdar and M. Makariev and G. Maneva and M. Manganaro and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and S. Masuda and D. Mazin and M. Minev and Miranda, {J. M.} and R. Mirzoyan and E. Molina and A. Moralejo and V. Moreno and E. Moretti and P. Munar-Adrover",

year = "2019",

month = mar,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201834010",

language = "English",

volume = "623",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

}

Acciari, VA, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, LA, Arbet Engels, A, Baack, D, Babić, A, Banerjee, B, Bangale, P, Barres De Almeida, U, Barrio, JA, Becerra González, J, Bednarek, W, Bernardini, E, Berti, A, Besenrieder, J, Bhattacharyya, W, Bigongiari, C, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bonnoli, G, Carosi, R, Ceribella, G, Cikota, S, Colak, SM, Colin, P, Colombo, E, Contreras, JL, Cortina, J, Covino, S, D'elia, V, Da Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Lotto, B, Delfino, M, Delgado, J, Di Pierro, F, Do Souto Espiñera, E, Domínguez, A, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Einecke, S, Elsaesser, D, Fallah Ramazani, V, Fattorini, A, Fernández-Barral, A, Ferrara, G, Fidalgo, D, Foffano, L, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, Fruck, C, Galindo, D, Gallozzi, S, García López, RJ, Garczarczyk, M, Gaug, M, Giammaria, P, Godinović, N, Guberman, D, Hadasch, D, Hahn, A, Hassan, T, Herrera, J, Hoang, J, Hrupec, D, Inoue, S, Ishio, K, Iwamura, Y, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Kuveždić, D, Lamastra, A, Lelas, D, Leone, F, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, López-Oramas, A, Maggio, C, Majumdar, P, Makariev, M, Maneva, G, Manganaro, M, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Masuda, S, Mazin, D, Minev, M, Miranda, JM, Mirzoyan, R, Molina, E, Moralejo, A, Moreno, V, Moretti, E & Munar-Adrover, P 2019, 'A fast, very-high-energy γ -ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015 ?', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 623, A175. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834010

A fast, very-high-energy γ -ray flare from BL Lacertae during a period of multi-wavelength activity in June 2015 ? / Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Arbet Engels, A.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Banerjee, B.; Bangale, P.; Barres De Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colin, P.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'elia, V.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Di Pierro, F.; Do Souto Espiñera, E.; Domínguez, A.; Dominis Prester, D.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Einecke, S.; Elsaesser, D.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Fattorini, A.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fidalgo, D.; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Galindo, D.; Gallozzi, S.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gaug, M.; Giammaria, P.; Godinović, N.; Guberman, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Hassan, T.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Kuveždić, D.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; López-Oramas, A.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Masuda, S.; Mazin, D.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Munar-Adrover, P.