Information about the potential effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs) on humans is scarce. On top of this, current methodologies are unable to provide appropriate exposure and risk assessments. The EU-funded PLASTICHEAL project aims to develop new methodologies and reliable scientific evidence for regulators to set the knowledge basis for adequate risk assessment of MNPLs. It will investigate the impact and consequences of MNPLs on human health, drawing a variety of experimental human models and measuring potential health effects under short and long-term conditions.