Electronic tongue applications with advanced recognition elements

of the coordinated Project: The proposed LAB2FIELD coordinated project is a natural continuation of the current EMERSENS coordinated project, involving the Sensors and Biosensors research group at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB) (Subproject 1) and the Electroanalysis group at the University of Barcelona (UB) (Subproject 2). It aims to strengthen the existing collaboration between these two research groups by leveraging the knowledge gained and shared during their recent work and integrating emerging advanced technologies, such as MOFs and MXenes, to promote new developments and applications in the field of electrochemical (bio)sensors and analytical (bio)systems as a fast, portable, and cost-effective alternative to the prevailing paradigm of centralized laboratories. Among the emerging technologies, the project includes the design of sensors and sensor arrays (with special attention to electronic tongues) through the use of electrode modifiers, molecularly printed polymers (MIPs), 2D nanomaterials from the pnictogen group, magnetic and Janus nanoparticles, carbon dots, chromogenic reagents, enzymes or aptamers. Some of these substances can also be used to enhance mass transport and preconcentration of selected analytes. Emerging technologies also include promising analytical features of spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), custom design of electrodes and measurement cells assisted by 3D printing and laser tracing, novel data fusion strategies from different techniques (UV- Vis spectroscopy, voltammetry and potentiometric sensors, liquid chromatography), and advanced chemometric techniques for multivariate calibration and sample classification, primarily artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). Regarding the application of the developed sensors and systems, the project considers the following emerging fields: (i) food authentication, (ii) environmental monitoring of contaminants, (iii) security and forensic applications, and (iv) monitoring of athletic and health performance.