Análisis económico de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y las POI

The reduction of greenhouse gases to levels consistent with the commitments assumed by the EU involves a great difficulty. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve a better understanding of the relationship between economic activity and emissions to improve the design and evaluation of mitigation policies. To this end, it is very useful to apply the tools of distributive analysis to the study of the international distribution of emissions and the analysis of their causes. The distributive situation conditions the possibilities of reaching agreements and their implementation. In this sense, it is also very pertinent to extend the analysis to the inequality of emissions from a consumption-based perspective. The work will also study the impact of inequality on the responsibility in emissions and the influence of certain factors in that relationship, such as gender or the impact of growth on consumption patterns. The research will also advance in the identification of the determinants of the relationship between emissions and economic activity, being fundamental to consider the heterogeneity in the relationship for different countries. This study should lead to knowing the impact of different development models and the factors behind successful cases for policy design. In this sense, the research will also focus on the study of the determinants of pro-environmental behavior. This will improve the knowledge of the factors that can help to delink economic activity from environmental pressures. At the country level, the knowledge of the relationship between the production structure and emissions, as well as the role of technologies, is very relevant. The existing analyses will be complemented with the application of new methodologies for the determination of key sectors and the extension of the methods developed to various contexts where there are no previous studies. The development of new applications of inputoutput subsystem methods, such as a supply perspective, and other methods will allow to determine with more precision the direct and indirect responsibility of different productive sectors and to better define the policies to be applied. Finally, the research will be oriented to the study of the impacts on emissions and economic activity of different policies, in particular to the study of the application and implementation of carbon pricing, as this is the most efficient policy and that has greater effectiveness at a reasonable cost. The consequences of different designs will be compared and the difficulties faced by these measures will be studied.