«Traidores a la patria». Objetores e Insumisos en España, 1958-1991

Armed defence of the nation was an unavoidable duty for citizens in Spain, as in many other countries. This duty, sometimes considered sacred, was not only compulsory during wartime, but also in times of peace, in the form of compulsory military service. Resisting to military duties implied, for most of the 20th century, strong repression from the state. Those who resisted were accused of disobedience, the military penal code was applied to them and they were judged by the military tribunal of their countries, resulting in a variable number of years in a military penal institution.