The Personal Glucose Meter as the Measurement Principle in Point-of-Care Applications

A personal glucose meter (PGM) is a medical device that measures blood glucose levels and can be found worldwide. Owing to their sensitivity, simplicity, portability, and low cost, PGMs stand as one of the most frequently utilized analytical methods. This work reviews the different applied methodologies for detecting analytes other than glucose employing a PGM and how it can be incorporated for point-of-care diagnosis needs. To visualize the variants, first, a classification is made according to the biorecognition elements used (aptamers, antibodies, etc.), and where the determination of different analytes is done through the glucose signal using different glucose-generating enzymes such as invertase or glucosidase. Transduction can also be based on the use of nanocarriers that generally encapsulate glucose, although it is also possible to find a combination of the two aforementioned strategies. The PGM can also be used for the direct detection of interfering substances of the biosensor, such as NADH or paracetamol. Lastly, we discuss how a PGM might have been implemented to detect COVID-19 and how it could be used on a massive scale for the point-of-care diagnosis of a pandemic.