TY - JOUR
T1 - The neuroendocrine response to stress under the effect of drugs: Negative synergy between amphetamine and stressors
AU - Gómez-Román, Almudena
AU - Ortega-Sánchez, Juan A.
AU - Rotllant, David
AU - Gagliano, Humberto
AU - Belda, Xavier
AU - Delgado-Morales, Raúl
AU - Marín-Blasco, Ignacio
AU - Nadal, Roser
AU - Armario, Antonio
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. There have been numerous studies into the interaction between stress and addictive drugs, yet few have specifically addressed how the organism responds to stress when under the influence of psychostimulants. Thus, we studied the effects of different acute stressors (immobilization, interleukin-1β and forced swimming) in young adult male rats simultaneously exposed to amphetamine (AMPH, 4 mg/kg SC), evaluating classic biological markers. AMPH administration itself augmented the plasma hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormones, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone, without affecting plasma glucose levels. By contrast, this drug dampened the peripheral HPA axis, as well as the response of glucose to the three stressors. We also found that AMPH administration completely blocked the forced swim-induced expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (hnCRH) and it partially reduced c-fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Indeed, this negative synergy in the forced swim test could even be observed with a lower dose of AMPH (1 mg/kg, SC), a dose that is usually received in self-administration experiments. In conclusion, when rats that receive AMPH are subjected to stress, a negative synergy occurs that dampens the prototypic peripheral physiological response to stress and activation of the PVN.
AB - © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. There have been numerous studies into the interaction between stress and addictive drugs, yet few have specifically addressed how the organism responds to stress when under the influence of psychostimulants. Thus, we studied the effects of different acute stressors (immobilization, interleukin-1β and forced swimming) in young adult male rats simultaneously exposed to amphetamine (AMPH, 4 mg/kg SC), evaluating classic biological markers. AMPH administration itself augmented the plasma hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormones, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone, without affecting plasma glucose levels. By contrast, this drug dampened the peripheral HPA axis, as well as the response of glucose to the three stressors. We also found that AMPH administration completely blocked the forced swim-induced expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (hnCRH) and it partially reduced c-fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Indeed, this negative synergy in the forced swim test could even be observed with a lower dose of AMPH (1 mg/kg, SC), a dose that is usually received in self-administration experiments. In conclusion, when rats that receive AMPH are subjected to stress, a negative synergy occurs that dampens the prototypic peripheral physiological response to stress and activation of the PVN.
KW - CRH
KW - Forced swim
KW - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
KW - Immobilization
KW - Interleukin-1β
KW - Plasma glucose
U2 - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.006
DO - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.006
M3 - Article
SN - 0306-4530
VL - 63
SP - 94
EP - 101
JO - Psychoneuroendocrinology
JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology
ER -