TY - JOUR
T1 - The burden of disease in Spain: Results from the Global Burden of Disease 2016
AU - Soriano, Joan B.
AU - Rojas-Rueda, David
AU - Alonso, Jordi
AU - Antó, Josep M.
AU - Cardona, Pere Joan
AU - Fernández, Esteve
AU - Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
AU - Benavides, Fernando G.
AU - Glenn, Scott D.
AU - Krish, Varsha
AU - Lazarus, Jeffrey V.
AU - Martínez-Raga, José
AU - Masana, Maria F.
AU - Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.
AU - Ortiz, Alberto
AU - Sánchez-Niño, Maria Dolores
AU - Serrano-Blanco, Antoni
AU - Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel
AU - Tyrovolas, Stefanos
AU - Haro, Josep Maria
AU - Naghavi, Mohsen
AU - Murray, Christopher J.L.
AU - Adsuar, C.
AU - Cardis, Elisabeth
AU - Díaz-Torne, Cesar
AU - Paleo, Urbano Fra
AU - Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.
AU - García Benavides, Fernando
AU - Gómez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen
AU - María Haro, Josep
AU - Karletsos, Dimitris
AU - Nolla, Joan M.
AU - Parisi, Andrea
AU - Pérez-Ruiz, Fernando
AU - Rodero-Cosano, Maria Luisa
AU - Salinas-Pérez, José A.
AU - Sánchez-Riera, Lidia
AU - Trujillo, Ulises
AU - Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
PY - 2018/9/14
Y1 - 2018/9/14
N2 - © 2018 The Authors Background and objectives: The global burden of disease (GBD) project measures the health of populations worldwide on an annual basis, and results are available by country. We used the estimates of the GBD to summarise the state of health in Spain in 2016 and report trends in mortality and morbidity from 1990 to 2016. Material and methods: GBD 2016 estimated disease burden due to 333 diseases and injuries, and 84 risk factors. The GBD list of causes is hierarchical and includes 3 top level categories, namely: 1) communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; 2) non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 3) injuries. Mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), risk factors, and progress towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented based on the GBD 2016 data in Spain. Results: There were 418,516 deaths in Spain in 2016, from a total population of 46.5 million, and 80.5% of them occurred in those aged 70 years and older. Overall, NCDs were the main cause of death: 388,617 (95% uncertainty interval 374,959-402,486), corresponding to 92.8% of all deaths. They were followed by 3.6% due to injuries with 15,052 (13,902-17,107) deaths, and 3.5% communicable diseases with 14,847 (13,208-16,482) deaths. The 5 leading specific causes of death were ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 14.6% of all deaths), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (13.6%), stroke (7.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.9%), and lung cancer (5.0%). Remarkable increases in mortality from 1990 to 2016 were observed in other cancers, lower respiratory infections, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular disease, among others. On the contrary, road injuries moved down from 8th to 32nd position, and diabetes from 6th to 10th. Low back and neck pain became the number one cause of DALYs in Spain in 2016, just surpassing IHD, while Alzheimer disease moved from 9th to 3rd position. The greatest changes in DALYs were observed for road injuries dropping from 4th to 16th position, and congenital disorders from 17th to 35th; conversely, oral disorders rose from 25th to 17th. Overall, smoking is by far the most relevant risk factor in Spain, followed by high blood pressure, high body mass index, alcohol use, and high fasting plasma glucose. Finally, Spain scored 74.3 of 100 points in the SDG index classification in 2016, and the main national drivers of detrimental health in SDGs were alcohol consumption, smoking and child obesity. An increase to 80.3 points is projected in 2030. Conclusion: Low back and neck pain was the most important contributor of disability in Spain in 2016. There has seen a remarkable increase in the burden due to Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Tobacco remains the most important health issue to address in Spain.
AB - © 2018 The Authors Background and objectives: The global burden of disease (GBD) project measures the health of populations worldwide on an annual basis, and results are available by country. We used the estimates of the GBD to summarise the state of health in Spain in 2016 and report trends in mortality and morbidity from 1990 to 2016. Material and methods: GBD 2016 estimated disease burden due to 333 diseases and injuries, and 84 risk factors. The GBD list of causes is hierarchical and includes 3 top level categories, namely: 1) communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; 2) non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and 3) injuries. Mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), risk factors, and progress towards the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are presented based on the GBD 2016 data in Spain. Results: There were 418,516 deaths in Spain in 2016, from a total population of 46.5 million, and 80.5% of them occurred in those aged 70 years and older. Overall, NCDs were the main cause of death: 388,617 (95% uncertainty interval 374,959-402,486), corresponding to 92.8% of all deaths. They were followed by 3.6% due to injuries with 15,052 (13,902-17,107) deaths, and 3.5% communicable diseases with 14,847 (13,208-16,482) deaths. The 5 leading specific causes of death were ischaemic heart disease (IHD, 14.6% of all deaths), Alzheimer disease and other dementias (13.6%), stroke (7.1%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.9%), and lung cancer (5.0%). Remarkable increases in mortality from 1990 to 2016 were observed in other cancers, lower respiratory infections, chronic kidney disease, and other cardiovascular disease, among others. On the contrary, road injuries moved down from 8th to 32nd position, and diabetes from 6th to 10th. Low back and neck pain became the number one cause of DALYs in Spain in 2016, just surpassing IHD, while Alzheimer disease moved from 9th to 3rd position. The greatest changes in DALYs were observed for road injuries dropping from 4th to 16th position, and congenital disorders from 17th to 35th; conversely, oral disorders rose from 25th to 17th. Overall, smoking is by far the most relevant risk factor in Spain, followed by high blood pressure, high body mass index, alcohol use, and high fasting plasma glucose. Finally, Spain scored 74.3 of 100 points in the SDG index classification in 2016, and the main national drivers of detrimental health in SDGs were alcohol consumption, smoking and child obesity. An increase to 80.3 points is projected in 2030. Conclusion: Low back and neck pain was the most important contributor of disability in Spain in 2016. There has seen a remarkable increase in the burden due to Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Tobacco remains the most important health issue to address in Spain.
KW - Disability-adjusted life years
KW - Global burden of disease
KW - Mortality
KW - Spain
KW - Years lived with disability
KW - Years of life lost
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85052545366&partnerID=MN8TOARS
U2 - 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.05.011
DO - 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.05.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 30037695
SN - 0025-7753
VL - 151
SP - 171
EP - 190
JO - Medicina Clinica
JF - Medicina Clinica
ER -