TY - JOUR
T1 - Tests for consciousness in humans and beyond
AU - Bayne, Tim
AU - Seth, Anil K.
AU - Massimini, Marcello
AU - Shepherd, Joshua
AU - Cleeremans, Axel
AU - Fleming, Stephen M.
AU - Malach, Rafael
AU - Mattingley, Jason B.
AU - Menon, David K
AU - Owen, Adrian M.
AU - Peters, Megan A. K.
AU - Razi, Adeel
AU - Mudrik, Liad
N1 - Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/5
Y1 - 2024/5
N2 - Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness (‘C-tests’) are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited use, and currently we have no C-tests for many of the populations for which they are most critical. Here, we identify challenges facing any attempt to develop C-tests, propose a multidimensional classification of such tests, and identify strategies that might be used to validate them.
AB - Which systems/organisms are conscious? New tests for consciousness (‘C-tests’) are urgently needed. There is persisting uncertainty about when consciousness arises in human development, when it is lost due to neurological disorders and brain injury, and how it is distributed in nonhuman species. This need is amplified by recent and rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), neural organoids, and xenobot technology. Although a number of C-tests have been proposed in recent years, most are of limited use, and currently we have no C-tests for many of the populations for which they are most critical. Here, we identify challenges facing any attempt to develop C-tests, propose a multidimensional classification of such tests, and identify strategies that might be used to validate them.
KW - animal consciousness
KW - artificial intelligence
KW - disorders of consciousness
KW - fetal consciousness
KW - infant consciousness
KW - neural organoids
KW - test for consciousness
KW - Detecting awareness
KW - Psychology
KW - Experiences
KW - Moral significance
KW - Organoids
KW - State
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85188009163
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/c0d171bb-c6d8-3e52-b797-58ac4036cffd/
UR - https://portalrecerca.uab.cat/en/publications/a47e609d-f283-4cb2-af30-ed7fafa26adf
UR - https://ddd.uab.cat/record/292903
U2 - 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010
DO - 10.1016/j.tics.2024.01.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 38485576
SN - 1364-6613
VL - 28
SP - 454
EP - 466
JO - Trends in Cognitive Sciences
JF - Trends in Cognitive Sciences
IS - 5
ER -