Responses of soil hexapod communities to warming are mediated by microbial carbon and nitrogen in a subarctic grassland

Warming in subarctic ecosystems will be two-fold higher compared to lower latitudes under current climate change projections. While the effects of warming in northern ecosystems on plants and microorganisms have been extensively studied, the responses of soil fauna have received much less attention, despite their important role in regulating key soil processes. We analyzed the response of soil hexapod communities in a subarctic grassland exposed to a natural geothermal gradient in Iceland with increases of +3 and + 6 °C above ambient temperature. We characterized hexapod communities using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. We analyzed the amounts of microbial carbon (Cmic), microbial N (Nmic), dissolved organic C (DOC) and dissolved organic N (DON) and then assessed whether these variables could help to account for the compositional dissimilarity of ground hexapod communities across temperatures. The increases in soil temperature did lead to changes in the composition of hexapod communities. The compositional differences caused by +6 °C plots were correlated with a decrease in Cmic and Nmic, soil DOC and DON. Our results highlight the response of soil hexapods to warming, and their interaction with microbial biomass ultimately correlated with changes in the availabilities of soil C and N.