Proximidad y Funciones Urbanas en las Ciudades Mediterráneas Españolas: perspectivas desde la Ciudad de 15 Minutos

This article analyses the spatial distribution of proximity environments in Barcelona, Valencia, Palma de Mallorca, and Granada from the perspective of the 15-minute city. The 15-minute city is an urban planning concept that posits being able to reach daily needs within a 15-minute walk or bike ride (Moreno et al., 2021). The research addresses the lack of empirical analysis in Spain on this concept. It employs the estimation of minimum walking times to 25 daily destinations in a 100x100 meter grid. The results indicate that highly accessible areas resemble more a 5-minute city, especially for educational services. Low accessibility in some areas entails significant deficits in access to basic destinations, leading to car dependency and social segregation. Additionally, public services are distributed more evenly than private ones. These findings contribute to understanding the specific urban dynamics of each city and provide tools to adapt public policies.