TY - JOUR
T1 - Occurrence of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and resistance genes in semi-aquatic wildlife - Trachemys scripta, Neovison vison and Lutra lutra - as sentinels of environmental health
AU - Mengistu, Tilaye Shibbiru
AU - Garcias, Biel
AU - Castellanos, Gabriela
AU - Seminati, Chiara
AU - Molina-López, Rafael A.
AU - Darwich, Laila
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/7/1
Y1 - 2022/7/1
N2 - Emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens has been recognized as a major public health con-cern worldwide. In the present study, antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria (AMRGNB) and AMR genes were assessed in semi-aquatic wild animals from a highly populated and intensive farming region of Spain, Catalonia. Clo-acal/rectal swab samples were collected from 241 animals coming from invasive species Trachemys scripta (n = 91) and Neovison vison (n = 131), and endangered-protected species Lutra lutra (n = 19). Accordingly, 133 (55.2%) iso-lates were identified as AMRGNB. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens were among the bacteria most fre-quently isolated in all animal species, but other nosocomial agents such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. or Citrobacter freundii, were also prevalent. The phenotypic susceptibility testing showed the highest resistance to beta-lactams (91%). Molecular analysis showed 25.3% of turtles (15.4% ESBL/Ampc genes), 21% of Eurasian otters (10.5% ESBL/Ampc genes) and 14.5% of American minks (8.4% ESBL/Ampc genes) were positive to AMR genes. The genotyping frequency was tetM (20.6%), blaCMY-2 (13%), ermB (6.1%), blaCMY-1 (4.6%), blaCTX-M-15 (3.1%) and mcr-4 (0.8%). Turtles had a larger prevalence of AMRGNB and AMR genes than mustelids, but American mink car-ried mcr-4 colistin-resistance gene. Moreover, cluster analysis of AMR gene distribution revealed that an ESBL/AmpC cluster in a highly populated area comprising big metropolitan regions, and another tetM/emrB cluster in an expended area with highly intensive livestock production. Although the mcr-4 positive case was not included in those clusters, that case was found in a county with a high pig farm density. In conclusion, semi-aquatic wild animals are a good sentinel for environmental contamination with AMRGNB and AMR genes. Therefore, One Health Approach is urgently needed in highly populated regions, and with intensive livestock production like Catalonia.
AB - Emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens has been recognized as a major public health con-cern worldwide. In the present study, antimicrobial resistant Gram-negative bacteria (AMRGNB) and AMR genes were assessed in semi-aquatic wild animals from a highly populated and intensive farming region of Spain, Catalonia. Clo-acal/rectal swab samples were collected from 241 animals coming from invasive species Trachemys scripta (n = 91) and Neovison vison (n = 131), and endangered-protected species Lutra lutra (n = 19). Accordingly, 133 (55.2%) iso-lates were identified as AMRGNB. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens were among the bacteria most fre-quently isolated in all animal species, but other nosocomial agents such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. or Citrobacter freundii, were also prevalent. The phenotypic susceptibility testing showed the highest resistance to beta-lactams (91%). Molecular analysis showed 25.3% of turtles (15.4% ESBL/Ampc genes), 21% of Eurasian otters (10.5% ESBL/Ampc genes) and 14.5% of American minks (8.4% ESBL/Ampc genes) were positive to AMR genes. The genotyping frequency was tetM (20.6%), blaCMY-2 (13%), ermB (6.1%), blaCMY-1 (4.6%), blaCTX-M-15 (3.1%) and mcr-4 (0.8%). Turtles had a larger prevalence of AMRGNB and AMR genes than mustelids, but American mink car-ried mcr-4 colistin-resistance gene. Moreover, cluster analysis of AMR gene distribution revealed that an ESBL/AmpC cluster in a highly populated area comprising big metropolitan regions, and another tetM/emrB cluster in an expended area with highly intensive livestock production. Although the mcr-4 positive case was not included in those clusters, that case was found in a county with a high pig farm density. In conclusion, semi-aquatic wild animals are a good sentinel for environmental contamination with AMRGNB and AMR genes. Therefore, One Health Approach is urgently needed in highly populated regions, and with intensive livestock production like Catalonia.
KW - AMERICAN MINK
KW - ANIMALS
KW - ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE
KW - ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
KW - AmpC
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - ESBL
KW - ESCHERICHIA-COLI
KW - Lutra lutra
KW - Neovison vison
KW - PREVALENCE
KW - SALMONELLA
KW - SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES
KW - Semi-aquatic wildlife
KW - Trachemys scripta
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127100919&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/c3777a48-3e0b-387a-8d24-0897dceb3d25/
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154814
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154814
M3 - Article
C2 - 35341839
AN - SCOPUS:85127100919
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 830
SP - 154814
JO - Science of the total environment
JF - Science of the total environment
M1 - 154814
ER -