Mrk 421 active state in 2008: The MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained

J. Aleksić; E. A. Alvarez; L. A. Antonelli; P. Antoranz; M. Asensio; M. Backes; J. A. Barrio; D. Bastieri; J. Becerra González; W. Bednarek; A. Berdyugin; K. Berger; E. Bernardini; A. Biland; O. Blanch; R. K. Bock; A. Boller; G. Bonnoli; D. Borla Tridon; I. Braun; T. Bretz; A. Cañellas; E. Carmona; A. Carosi; P. Colin; E. Colombo; J. L. Contreras; J. Cortina; L. Cossio; S. Covino; F. Dazzi; A. De Angelis; G. De Caneva; E. De Cea Del Pozo; B. De Lotto; C. Delgado Mendez; A. Diago Ortega; M. Doert; A. Domínguez; D. Dominis Prester; D. Dorner; M. Doro; D. Elsaesser; D. Ferenc; M. V. Fonseca; L. Font; C. Fruck; R. J. García López; M. Garczarczyk; D. Garrido; G. Giavitto; N. Godinović; D. Hadasch; D. Häfner; A. Herrero; D. Hildebrand; D. Höhne-Mönch; J. Hose; D. Hrupec; B. Huber; T. Jogler; H. Kellermann; S. Klepser; T. Krähenbühl; J. Krause; A. La Barbera; D. Lelas; E. Leonardo; E. Lindfors; S. Lombardi; A. López; M. López; E. Lorenz; M. Makariev; G. Maneva; N. Mankuzhiyil; K. Mannheim; L. Maraschi; M. Mariotti; M. Martínez; D. Mazin; M. Meucci; J. M. Miranda; R. Mirzoyan; H. Miyamoto; J. Moldón; A. Moralejo; P. Munar-Adrover; D. Nieto; K. Nilsson; R. Orito; I. Oya; D. Paneque; R. Paoletti; S. Pardo; J. M. Paredes; S. Partini; M. Pasanen; F. Pauss; M. A. Perez-Torres

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117442

Mrk 421 active state in 2008: The MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained

J. Aleksić, E. A. Alvarez, L. A. Antonelli, P. Antoranz, M. Asensio, M. Backes, J. A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, J. Becerra González, W. Bednarek, A. Berdyugin, K. Berger, E. Bernardini, A. Biland, O. Blanch, R. K. Bock, A. Boller, G. Bonnoli, D. Borla Tridon, I. BraunT. Bretz, A. Cañellas, E. Carmona, A. Carosi, P. Colin, E. Colombo, J. L. Contreras, J. Cortina, L. Cossio, S. Covino, F. Dazzi, A. De Angelis, G. De Caneva, E. De Cea Del Pozo, B. De Lotto, C. Delgado Mendez, A. Diago Ortega, M. Doert, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, D. Dorner, M. Doro, D. Elsaesser, D. Ferenc, M. V. Fonseca, L. Font, C. Fruck, R. J. García López, M. Garczarczyk, D. Garrido, G. Giavitto, N. Godinović, D. Hadasch, D. Häfner, A. Herrero, D. Hildebrand, D. Höhne-Mönch, J. Hose, D. Hrupec, B. Huber, T. Jogler, H. Kellermann, S. Klepser, T. Krähenbühl, J. Krause, A. La Barbera, D. Lelas, E. Leonardo, E. Lindfors, S. Lombardi, A. López, M. López, E. Lorenz, M. Makariev, G. Maneva, N. Mankuzhiyil, K. Mannheim, L. Maraschi, M. Mariotti, M. Martínez, D. Mazin, M. Meucci, J. M. Miranda, R. Mirzoyan, H. Miyamoto, J. Moldón, A. Moralejo, P. Munar-Adrover, D. Nieto, K. Nilsson, R. Orito, I. Oya, D. Paneque, R. Paoletti, S. Pardo, J. M. Paredes, S. Partini, M. Pasanen, F. Pauss, M. A. Perez-Torres

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Context. The blazar Markarian 421 is one of the brightest TeV gamma-ray sources of the northern sky. From December 2007 until June 2008 it was intensively observed in the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) band by the single-dish Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescope (MAGIC-I). Aims. We aimed to measure the physical parameters of the emitting region of the blazar jet during active states. Methods. We performed a dense monitoring of the source in VHE with MAGIC-I, and also collected complementary data in soft X-rays and optical-UV bands; then, we modeled the spectral energy distributions (SED) derived from simultaneous multi-wavelength data within the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) framework. Results. The source showed intense and prolonged γ-ray activity during the whole period, with integral fluxes (E > 200 GeV) seldom below the level of the Crab Nebula, and up to 3.6 times this value. Eight datasets of simultaneous optical-UV (KVA, Swift/UVOT), soft X-ray (Swift/XRT) and MAGIC-I VHE data were obtained during different outburst phases. The data constrain the physical parameters of the jet, once the spectral energy distributions obtained are interpreted within the framework of a single-zone SSC leptonic model. Conclusions. The main outcome of the study is that within the homogeneous model high Doppler factors (40 ≥ δ ≥ 80) are needed to reproduce the observed SED; but this model cannot explain the observed short time-scale variability, while it can be argued that inhomogeneous models could allow for less extreme Doppler factors, more intense magnetic fields and shorter electron cooling times compatible with hour or sub-hour scale variability. © 2012 ESO.

Idioma original	Anglès
Número d’article	A100
Revista	Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volum	542
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117442
Estat de la publicació	Publicada - 20 de juny 2012

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10.1051/0004-6361/201117442

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Aleksić, J., Alvarez, E. A., Antonelli, L. A., Antoranz, P., Asensio, M., Backes, M., Barrio, J. A., Bastieri, D., Becerra González, J., Bednarek, W., Berdyugin, A., Berger, K., Bernardini, E., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bock, R. K., Boller, A., Bonnoli, G., Borla Tridon, D., ... Perez-Torres, M. A. (2012). Mrk 421 active state in 2008: The MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 542, Article A100. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117442

@article{b7882225ae614744b6dd4810677ef4d3,

title = "Mrk 421 active state in 2008: The MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained",

abstract = "Context. The blazar Markarian 421 is one of the brightest TeV gamma-ray sources of the northern sky. From December 2007 until June 2008 it was intensively observed in the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) band by the single-dish Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescope (MAGIC-I). Aims. We aimed to measure the physical parameters of the emitting region of the blazar jet during active states. Methods. We performed a dense monitoring of the source in VHE with MAGIC-I, and also collected complementary data in soft X-rays and optical-UV bands; then, we modeled the spectral energy distributions (SED) derived from simultaneous multi-wavelength data within the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) framework. Results. The source showed intense and prolonged γ-ray activity during the whole period, with integral fluxes (E > 200 GeV) seldom below the level of the Crab Nebula, and up to 3.6 times this value. Eight datasets of simultaneous optical-UV (KVA, Swift/UVOT), soft X-ray (Swift/XRT) and MAGIC-I VHE data were obtained during different outburst phases. The data constrain the physical parameters of the jet, once the spectral energy distributions obtained are interpreted within the framework of a single-zone SSC leptonic model. Conclusions. The main outcome of the study is that within the homogeneous model high Doppler factors (40 ≥ δ ≥ 80) are needed to reproduce the observed SED; but this model cannot explain the observed short time-scale variability, while it can be argued that inhomogeneous models could allow for less extreme Doppler factors, more intense magnetic fields and shorter electron cooling times compatible with hour or sub-hour scale variability. {\textcopyright} 2012 ESO.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal",

author = "J. Aleksi{\'c} and Alvarez, \{E. A.\} and Antonelli, \{L. A.\} and P. Antoranz and M. Asensio and M. Backes and Barrio, \{J. A.\} and D. Bastieri and \{Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez\}, J. and W. Bednarek and A. Berdyugin and K. Berger and E. Bernardini and A. Biland and O. Blanch and Bock, \{R. K.\} and A. Boller and G. Bonnoli and \{Borla Tridon\}, D. and I. Braun and T. Bretz and A. Ca{\~n}ellas and E. Carmona and A. Carosi and P. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, \{J. L.\} and J. Cortina and L. Cossio and S. Covino and F. Dazzi and \{De Angelis\}, A. and \{De Caneva\}, G. and \{De Cea Del Pozo\}, E. and \{De Lotto\}, B. and \{Delgado Mendez\}, C. and \{Diago Ortega\}, A. and M. Doert and A. Dom{\'i}nguez and \{Dominis Prester\}, D. and D. Dorner and M. Doro and D. Elsaesser and D. Ferenc and Fonseca, \{M. V.\} and L. Font and C. Fruck and \{Garc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez\}, \{R. J.\} and M. Garczarczyk and D. Garrido and G. Giavitto and N. Godinovi{\'c} and D. Hadasch and D. H{\"a}fner and A. Herrero and D. Hildebrand and D. H{\"o}hne-M{\"o}nch and J. Hose and D. Hrupec and B. Huber and T. Jogler and H. Kellermann and S. Klepser and T. Kr{\"a}henb{\"u}hl and J. Krause and \{La Barbera\}, A. and D. Lelas and E. Leonardo and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and A. L{\'o}pez and M. L{\'o}pez and E. Lorenz and M. Makariev and G. Maneva and N. Mankuzhiyil and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and D. Mazin and M. Meucci and Miranda, \{J. M.\} and R. Mirzoyan and H. Miyamoto and J. Mold{\'o}n and A. Moralejo and P. Munar-Adrover and D. Nieto and K. Nilsson and R. Orito and I. Oya and D. Paneque and R. Paoletti and S. Pardo and Paredes, \{J. M.\} and S. Partini and M. Pasanen and F. Pauss and Perez-Torres, \{M. A.\}",

year = "2012",

month = jun,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201117442",

language = "English",

volume = "542",

journal = "Astronomy and Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = "EDP Sciences",

}

Aleksić, J, Alvarez, EA, Antonelli, LA, Antoranz, P, Asensio, M, Backes, M, Barrio, JA, Bastieri, D, Becerra González, J, Bednarek, W, Berdyugin, A, Berger, K, Bernardini, E, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bock, RK, Boller, A, Bonnoli, G, Borla Tridon, D, Braun, I, Bretz, T, Cañellas, A, Carmona, E, Carosi, A, Colin, P, Colombo, E, Contreras, JL, Cortina, J, Cossio, L, Covino, S, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Caneva, G, De Cea Del Pozo, E, De Lotto, B, Delgado Mendez, C, Diago Ortega, A, Doert, M, Domínguez, A, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Elsaesser, D, Ferenc, D, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, Fruck, C, García López, RJ, Garczarczyk, M, Garrido, D, Giavitto, G, Godinović, N, Hadasch, D, Häfner, D, Herrero, A, Hildebrand, D, Höhne-Mönch, D, Hose, J, Hrupec, D, Huber, B, Jogler, T, Kellermann, H, Klepser, S, Krähenbühl, T, Krause, J, La Barbera, A, Lelas, D, Leonardo, E, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, López, A, López, M, Lorenz, E, Makariev, M, Maneva, G, Mankuzhiyil, N, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Mazin, D, Meucci, M, Miranda, JM, Mirzoyan, R, Miyamoto, H, Moldón, J, Moralejo, A, Munar-Adrover, P, Nieto, D, Nilsson, K, Orito, R, Oya, I, Paneque, D, Paoletti, R, Pardo, S, Paredes, JM, Partini, S, Pasanen, M, Pauss, F & Perez-Torres, MA 2012, 'Mrk 421 active state in 2008: The MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 542, A100. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117442

TY - JOUR

T1 - Mrk 421 active state in 2008: The MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained

AU - Aleksić, J.

AU - Alvarez, E. A.

AU - Antonelli, L. A.

AU - Antoranz, P.

AU - Asensio, M.

AU - Backes, M.

AU - Barrio, J. A.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Becerra González, J.

AU - Bednarek, W.

AU - Berdyugin, A.

AU - Berger, K.

AU - Bernardini, E.

AU - Biland, A.

AU - Blanch, O.

AU - Bock, R. K.

AU - Boller, A.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Borla Tridon, D.

AU - Braun, I.

AU - Bretz, T.

AU - Cañellas, A.

AU - Carmona, E.

AU - Carosi, A.

AU - Colin, P.

AU - Colombo, E.

AU - Contreras, J. L.

AU - Cortina, J.

AU - Cossio, L.

AU - Covino, S.

AU - Dazzi, F.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Caneva, G.

AU - De Cea Del Pozo, E.

AU - De Lotto, B.

AU - Delgado Mendez, C.

AU - Diago Ortega, A.

AU - Doert, M.

AU - Domínguez, A.

AU - Dominis Prester, D.

AU - Dorner, D.

AU - Doro, M.

AU - Elsaesser, D.

AU - Ferenc, D.

AU - Fonseca, M. V.

AU - Font, L.

AU - Fruck, C.

AU - García López, R. J.

AU - Garczarczyk, M.

AU - Garrido, D.

AU - Giavitto, G.

AU - Godinović, N.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Häfner, D.

AU - Herrero, A.

AU - Hildebrand, D.

AU - Höhne-Mönch, D.

AU - Hose, J.

AU - Hrupec, D.

AU - Huber, B.

AU - Jogler, T.

AU - Kellermann, H.

AU - Klepser, S.

AU - Krähenbühl, T.

AU - Krause, J.

AU - La Barbera, A.

AU - Lelas, D.

AU - Leonardo, E.

AU - Lindfors, E.

AU - Lombardi, S.

AU - López, A.

AU - López, M.

AU - Lorenz, E.

AU - Makariev, M.

AU - Maneva, G.

AU - Mankuzhiyil, N.

AU - Mannheim, K.

AU - Maraschi, L.

AU - Mariotti, M.

AU - Martínez, M.

AU - Mazin, D.

AU - Meucci, M.

AU - Miranda, J. M.

AU - Mirzoyan, R.

AU - Miyamoto, H.

AU - Moldón, J.

AU - Moralejo, A.

AU - Munar-Adrover, P.

AU - Nieto, D.

AU - Nilsson, K.

AU - Orito, R.

AU - Oya, I.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Paoletti, R.

AU - Pardo, S.

AU - Paredes, J. M.

AU - Partini, S.

AU - Pasanen, M.

AU - Pauss, F.

AU - Perez-Torres, M. A.

PY - 2012/6/20

Y1 - 2012/6/20

N2 - Context. The blazar Markarian 421 is one of the brightest TeV gamma-ray sources of the northern sky. From December 2007 until June 2008 it was intensively observed in the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) band by the single-dish Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescope (MAGIC-I). Aims. We aimed to measure the physical parameters of the emitting region of the blazar jet during active states. Methods. We performed a dense monitoring of the source in VHE with MAGIC-I, and also collected complementary data in soft X-rays and optical-UV bands; then, we modeled the spectral energy distributions (SED) derived from simultaneous multi-wavelength data within the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) framework. Results. The source showed intense and prolonged γ-ray activity during the whole period, with integral fluxes (E > 200 GeV) seldom below the level of the Crab Nebula, and up to 3.6 times this value. Eight datasets of simultaneous optical-UV (KVA, Swift/UVOT), soft X-ray (Swift/XRT) and MAGIC-I VHE data were obtained during different outburst phases. The data constrain the physical parameters of the jet, once the spectral energy distributions obtained are interpreted within the framework of a single-zone SSC leptonic model. Conclusions. The main outcome of the study is that within the homogeneous model high Doppler factors (40 ≥ δ ≥ 80) are needed to reproduce the observed SED; but this model cannot explain the observed short time-scale variability, while it can be argued that inhomogeneous models could allow for less extreme Doppler factors, more intense magnetic fields and shorter electron cooling times compatible with hour or sub-hour scale variability. © 2012 ESO.

AB - Context. The blazar Markarian 421 is one of the brightest TeV gamma-ray sources of the northern sky. From December 2007 until June 2008 it was intensively observed in the very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) band by the single-dish Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov telescope (MAGIC-I). Aims. We aimed to measure the physical parameters of the emitting region of the blazar jet during active states. Methods. We performed a dense monitoring of the source in VHE with MAGIC-I, and also collected complementary data in soft X-rays and optical-UV bands; then, we modeled the spectral energy distributions (SED) derived from simultaneous multi-wavelength data within the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) framework. Results. The source showed intense and prolonged γ-ray activity during the whole period, with integral fluxes (E > 200 GeV) seldom below the level of the Crab Nebula, and up to 3.6 times this value. Eight datasets of simultaneous optical-UV (KVA, Swift/UVOT), soft X-ray (Swift/XRT) and MAGIC-I VHE data were obtained during different outburst phases. The data constrain the physical parameters of the jet, once the spectral energy distributions obtained are interpreted within the framework of a single-zone SSC leptonic model. Conclusions. The main outcome of the study is that within the homogeneous model high Doppler factors (40 ≥ δ ≥ 80) are needed to reproduce the observed SED; but this model cannot explain the observed short time-scale variability, while it can be argued that inhomogeneous models could allow for less extreme Doppler factors, more intense magnetic fields and shorter electron cooling times compatible with hour or sub-hour scale variability. © 2012 ESO.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421

KW - Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84862270288

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201117442

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201117442

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 542

JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics

M1 - A100

ER -

Mrk 421 active state in 2008: The MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained

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