TY - JOUR
T1 - Macaronesia as a Fruitful Arena for Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology
AU - Florencio, Margarita
AU - Patiño, Jairo
AU - Nogué, Sandra
AU - Traveset, Anna
AU - Borges, Paulo A.V.
AU - Schaefer, Hanno
AU - Amorim, Isabel R.
AU - Arnedo, Miquel
AU - Ávila, Sérgio P.
AU - Cardoso, Pedro
AU - de Nascimento, Lea
AU - Fernández-Palacios, José María
AU - Gabriel, Sofia I.
AU - Gil, Artur
AU - Gonçalves, Vítor
AU - Haroun, Ricardo
AU - Illera, Juan Carlos
AU - López-Darias, Marta
AU - Martínez, Alejandro
AU - Martins, Gustavo M.
AU - Neto, Ana I.
AU - Nogales, Manuel
AU - Oromí, Pedro
AU - Rando, Juan Carlos
AU - Raposeiro, Pedro M.
AU - Rigal, François
AU - Romeiras, Maria M.
AU - Silva, Luís
AU - Valido, Alfredo
AU - Vanderpoorten, Alain
AU - Vasconcelos, Raquel
AU - Santos, Ana M.C.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Island Biology Interest Group (IBIG, http://www.ibigbiology.com) is grateful to the organisers of the 2016 Island Biology Conference held in the Azores for promoting the symposium that led to this manuscript. We thank Joaquin Hortal for useful comments on an early version of the manuscript, and also Guido Jones for his language editing funded by the Cabildo de Tenerife, under the TFinnova Programme supported by MEDI and FDCAN funds. We are grateful to Salvador de la Cruz and Elena Morales for extracting updated information from the Biodiversity Data Bank of the Canary Islands. We also thank Ricardo Ramalho (Cardiff University) for fruitful discussions on the geological age of the Cabo Verde islands. This manuscript is a contribution by the INCT in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation funded by MCTIC/CNPq/FAPEG (grant 465610/2014-5).
Funding Information:
This research has been partially funded by the project REMEDINAL TECM (S2018/EMT-4338). MF was funded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq (401045/2014-5) programme “Ciência sem Fronteiras,” and the University of Alcalá, being currently funded by the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. MF is also grateful to the project ClimaRiskinPond (PID2019-104580GA-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. PB is grateful to the projects MACDIV (FCT-PTDC/BIABIC/0054/2014) and MOMENTOS (FCT-PTDC/BIA-BIC/5558/2014), funded by the Portuguese “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P” (FCT). AMCS and JP were supported by a Juan de la Cierva—Incorporación Fellowship (IJCI-2014-19502 and IJCI-2014-19691, respectively) funded by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades.” AMCS was additionally supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship (IEF 331623 “COMMSTRUCT”), and by FCT (contract CEEIND/03425/2017). JP was additionally supported by a Ramón y Cajal Programme (RYC-2016-20506) and a Marie Skłodowska-Curie COFUND, Researchers’ Night and Individual Fellowships Global (MSCA grant agreement no 747238, “UNISLAND”). SÁ acknowledges his IF/00465/2015 research contract funded by FCT (Portugal). SÁ, LS, PR, and VG were also funded by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors–COMPETE and by National Funds (FCT): UID/BIA/50027/2013 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821. AM was supported by Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (IF-EF), H2020 Programme of the EU, number 745530—“ANCAVE-Anchialine caves to understand evolutionary processes.” Attendance by JF-P and LN at the Island Biology Conference 2016 was supported by the University of La Laguna through the “Ayudas a Proyectos Puente al Plan Estatal de I + D + I, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016.” LN was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 700952. IRA (SFRH/BPD/102804/2014), SG (SFRH/BPD/88854/2012), and RV (SFRH/BPD/79913/2011) were supported by post-doc grants from FCT, financed by The European Social Fund and the Human Potential Operational Programme, POPH/FSE. IRA, RV, and PR were funded by Portuguese funds through FCT, under the “Norma Transitória”— DL57/2016/CP1375/CT0003, DL57/2016/CP1440/CT0002, and DL57/2016/ICETA/EEC2018/25, respectively. MR was
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Florencio, Patiño, Nogué, Traveset, Borges, Schaefer, Amorim, Arnedo, Ávila, Cardoso, de Nascimento, Fernández-Palacios, Gabriel, Gil, Gonçalves, Haroun, Illera, López-Darias, Martínez, Martins, Neto, Nogales, Oromí, Rando, Raposeiro, Rigal, Romeiras, Silva, Valido, Vanderpoorten, Vasconcelos and Santos.
PY - 2021/11/5
Y1 - 2021/11/5
N2 - Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved in this region, and outline promising research avenues enhancing conservation. Some of these discoveries indicate that the Macaronesian flora and fauna are composed of rather young lineages, not Tertiary relicts, predominantly of European origin. Macaronesia also seems to be an important source region for back-colonisation of continental fringe regions on both sides of the Atlantic. This group of archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde) has been crucial to learn about the particularities of macroecological patterns and interaction networks on islands, providing evidence for the development of the General Dynamic Model of oceanic island biogeography and subsequent updates. However, in addition to exceptionally high richness of endemic species, Macaronesia is also home to a growing number of threatened species, along with invasive alien plants and animals. Several innovative conservation and management actions are in place to protect its biodiversity from these and other drivers of global change. The Macaronesian Islands are a well-suited field of study for island ecology and evolution research, mostly due to its special geological layout with 40 islands grouped within five archipelagos differing in geological age, climate and isolation. A large amount of data is now available for several groups of organisms on and around many of these islands. However, continued efforts should be made toward compiling new information on their biodiversity, to pursue various fruitful research avenues and develop appropriate conservation management tools.
AB - Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances in ecology, evolution and conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved in this region, and outline promising research avenues enhancing conservation. Some of these discoveries indicate that the Macaronesian flora and fauna are composed of rather young lineages, not Tertiary relicts, predominantly of European origin. Macaronesia also seems to be an important source region for back-colonisation of continental fringe regions on both sides of the Atlantic. This group of archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde) has been crucial to learn about the particularities of macroecological patterns and interaction networks on islands, providing evidence for the development of the General Dynamic Model of oceanic island biogeography and subsequent updates. However, in addition to exceptionally high richness of endemic species, Macaronesia is also home to a growing number of threatened species, along with invasive alien plants and animals. Several innovative conservation and management actions are in place to protect its biodiversity from these and other drivers of global change. The Macaronesian Islands are a well-suited field of study for island ecology and evolution research, mostly due to its special geological layout with 40 islands grouped within five archipelagos differing in geological age, climate and isolation. A large amount of data is now available for several groups of organisms on and around many of these islands. However, continued efforts should be made toward compiling new information on their biodiversity, to pursue various fruitful research avenues and develop appropriate conservation management tools.
KW - alien species
KW - biodiversity hotspot
KW - biotic interactions
KW - extinction
KW - long distance dispersal
KW - reverse colonisation
KW - speciation
KW - volcanic oceanic islands
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119478410&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fevo.2021.718169
DO - 10.3389/fevo.2021.718169
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85119478410
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers in ecology and evolution
JF - Frontiers in ecology and evolution
M1 - 718169
ER -