Immunohistochemical detection of Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of experimentally infected swine

An avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry technique was developed to detect Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 in experimentally infected 18-21-day-old conventional pigs, using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. Seven of 10 intratracheally inoculated animals developed a low to medium degree of fibrinous polyserositis; meninges and pleura were the most severely affected areas. Haemophilus parasuis was recovered from 9 of 10 pigs; in 2 of them H. parasuis was isolated from tracheal swabs only. Positive immunohistochemistry results, mainly observed as free bacteria or bacteria within inflammatory cell cytoplasm in the fibrinopurulent exudate, were observed in 8 of 10 animals. Cross-reactivity with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was detected but not with other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria tested. This immunohistochemistry technique seemed to be at least as sensitive as microbiologic cultures and could be useful in studies of pathogenesis and retrospective diagnosis. However, cross-reactivity with A. pleuropneumoniae means that positive immunohistochemistry results in lung tissue from field cases would be dubious.