@inbook{5d12fb553bbc4899aa5741090bae07eb,
title = "Fuel Cells – Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell | Catalysts: Non-Platinum: Non-platinum",
abstract = "The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the central points of research in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). A reduction of the Pt content of fuel cell electrodes is envisaged to lower their production cost, and the complete abandonment of Pt at the cathode by the use of Pt-free electrocatalysts is one of the many approaches to do so. The most developed Pt-free catalysts, M–N–C (where M is usually a transition metal) with atomically dispersed MN4 sites, are close to industrial requirements in terms of catalytic activity. Their major critical issue, a sufficient stability under operating conditions, can be effectively tackled by controlling the atomic configuration of the active sites. ",
keywords = "Durability, Electrocatalysis, Fuel cell cathode, Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen energy, Nonprecious metal catalysts, Oxygen reduction reaction, PEM fuel cell, PGM-free, Pt-free, Single-atom catalysts",
author = "Konrad Eiler and Jordi Sort and Eva Pellicer",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.",
year = "2025",
doi = "10.1016/b978-0-323-96022-9.00050-5",
language = "English",
isbn = "9780323960229",
volume = "5",
series = "Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering",
pages = "111--120",
booktitle = "Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources",
}